MAT SAT

Integers

Positive and negative whole numbers, and zero; NOT fractions or decimals

Prime Numbers

An integer that has exactly two distinct factor: itself and 1. All prime numbers are positive; the smallest prime number is 2. One is not prime

Rational Numbers

All positive and negative integers, fractions, and decimal numbers; technically, any number that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers - which means everything except numbers containing weird radicals such as (pi) or e or square root of 2.

Irrational Numbers

Any number that does not end or repeat (in other words, any number that isn't rational). This includes all numbers with radicals that can't be simplified, such as square root. Also all numbers containing PI or E. Note that repeating decimals like 0.3333... are rational

Real Numbers

Any number on the number line; everything except imaginary numbers.

Imaginary Numbers

The square roots of negative numbers, that is, any numbers containing i, which represents square root of -1

Consecutive Numbers

The members of a set listed in order, without skipping any; consecutive integers: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2; consecutive positive multiples of 3: 3,6,9,12

Distinct Numbers

Numbers that are different from each other.

Sum

The result of adding numbers.

Difference

The result of subtracting numbers

Product

The result of multiplying numbers

Quotient

The result of dividing numbers

Remainder

The integer left over after dividing two numbers. On the MSAT a remainder is ALWAYS an integer

Reciprocal

The result when 1 is divided by a number. For example, the reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3.

Positive Difference

The number you get by subtracting the smaller of two numbers from the bigger one.

Absolute Value

The positive version of a number.

Arithmetic Mean

The average of a list of values; also simply referred to as the 'mean'

Median

The middle value in a list when arranged in increasing order; in a list with an even number of members, the average of two middle values

Mode

The value that occurs most often in a list.