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Universal symbol of Italy and its thousand-year old history, the Flavian Amphitheatre is located in the very centre of the Italian capital city. It was built in 70-80 AD under Vespasian and Titus administrations in order to become the appointed location for several kinds of public shows, especially those including gladiators fights and slaves fighting to death against wild beasts such as lions or tigers. Today it is classified as UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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It is the heart of Christianity and actually the smallest Country in the world, completely surrounded by the city of Rome. Its sovereign, the Pope, is also the head of the Catholic Church. Walk through St. Peter’s square, cherish the ancient Egyptian obelisk and the massive Doric colonnades designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, then visit St. Peter’s Basilica and the wonderful Sistine Chapel decorated by Michelangelo, which is part of the Vatican Museums’ visitors route.
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It is a circular Roman temple which has changed its intended use over the centuries, from its original nature to a Catholic basilica called “Santa Maria della Rotonda”, even if it is still known thanks to its original name. It is also the final resting place of many famous Italians and national heroes, such as the painter Raffaello Sanzio, queen Margherita di Savoia, kings Umberto I and Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia.
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The largest Baroque fountain of the city, designed by the Italian architect Nicola Salvi, is located at the junction of three roads (in Italian: “tre vie”) and that is the origin of its worldwide known name. It is extremely common for tourists to visit the fountain and throw a coin in it using the right hand over their left shoulder, since the popular legend ensures that, in doing so, you gain the chance to get back in Rome again. Each day tourists throw about 3.000 euros in the Trevi Fountain!
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Also known as the Imperial Fora in English, this archaeological site includes a series of monumental public squares constructed in Rome by many different emperors and, along with them, the ruins of various Roman temples that were standing on these squares. Each 2nd of June, a great military parade takes place in Via dei Fori Imperiali, the broad street passing through the Imperial Fora and leading to the Colosseum, in order to celebrate the Italian Republic day.
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It is the so called Mausoleum of Hadrian, since it was commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. Actually, this huge historical building has been occupied by many popes later on, especially because it was built in the shape of a castle and it could be used as a Papal fortress as well as a prison, which was located in its basements. The top statue dominating the castle is of Michael the Archangel, the angel from whom the building derives its name.
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7 - Trinità dei Monti, Fontana della Barcaccia, Piazza di Spagna começar a aprender
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The Catholic church of Santissima Trinità dei Monti, simply known as Trinità dei Monti, surmounts the equally famous Spanish Steps, which lead down to the Barcaccia, the fountain of the boat located in the gorgeous Piazza di Spagna and designed by Pietro Bernini. Then you can find the famed Column of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary nearby, still in the same square. Actually, many of the most known symbols of the Italian capital city close to each other!
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8 - Altare della Patria, Piazza Venezia começar a aprender
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The Altar of the Fatherland is the monument expressing the highest symbolic value in terms of Italian identity. It is named after Vittorio Emanuele II, the first king of a unified Italy, and hosts the body of an unknown Italian soldier fallen in a battle during World War I. Straight in front of it there are Piazza Venezia and its main building, Palazzo Venezia, which was the residence of the Duce Benito Mussolini during the Fascist era and from whose balcony he used to address the audience.
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This popular Roman square is worldwide known for the Fountain of the Four Rivers, which is in the middle of it, surmounted by another majestic Egyptian obelisk. It represents the four major rivers of the four continents: the Nile (Africa), the Danube (Europe), the Ganges (Asia) and the Rio de la Plata (America). Actually, there are also two other fountains in this square, including the Fountain of Neptune.
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10 - Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore começar a aprender
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One of the four Papal major basilicas in Rome and, at the same time, the largest Catholic Marian church of the Eternal City, it contains many valuable mosaics and a stunning golden roof as well as another Sistine Chapel, smaller and less famous than the one in Vatican City, but nonetheless beautiful just as much. Holy relics and gorgeous pipe organs are being held in this church too.
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The Baths of Caracalla were the largest public baths in ancient Rome until the Baths of Diocleziano were built. Roman citizens used to go there during their leisure and have cold, warm or hot baths. Their ruins represent today a great tourist spot and allow visitors to explore a slice of daily life from the Roman era.
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The Tiber Island is the only one that can be found in the section of the Tiber which runs through Rome. It has been connected with bridges to both sides of the river since antiquity and it houses a very old hospital, still working nowadays, and the Basilica of St. Bartholomew on the Island, which was built above the ruins of an ancient Roman temple named after Asclepius, the god of medicine in ancient Greek mythology.
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The Mouth of Truth was, actually, an old Roman manhole used to canalise rainwater. It’s a massive marble mask located next to the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin and it symbolizes an old and wise bearded man: since the Middle Ages people use to insert their right hand in the Mouth of Truth in order to prove they are declaring something true.
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The Quirinal Palace, located in Quirinal Square, is an important historical building wherein the Italian President of Republic lives. Built in 1583, it was commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII and, since then, used as residence palace by many popes and Italian kings of the past centuries. The Palace, which can boast gorgeous internal decorations and a magnificent garden, is partially opened for visitors.
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Everybody knows football is of great importance in Italian culture! The Foro Italico is a sports complex in Rome, significant example of Fascist architecture, of which the Stadio Olimpico is the main building. Although originally created as multifunctional, today it is almost exclusively used for Roma and Lazio’s football home games, as well as the Italian National Team. Among others, it hosted the Olympic Games (1960), the football European Championship (1968) and the football World Cup (1990).
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