questão  |
resposta |
What is an embedded system? começar a aprender
|
|
A dedicated computer system embedded within a larger device, designed for specific control functions
|
|
|
Name three common communication protocols used in microcontrollers começar a aprender
|
|
|
|
|
What are the three main types of materials in electrical engineering começar a aprender
|
|
Conductors, semiconductors, insulators
|
|
|
What is the difference between countable and uncountable sets? começar a aprender
|
|
Countable sets can be out in one-to-one with natural numbers; uncountable sets cannot
|
|
|
Define reflexive, symmetric, and transistive properties of a binary relation começar a aprender
|
|
Reflexive xRx = xRx; symmetric xRy = yRx; transistive xRy = yRz then xRz
|
|
|
What does a =_ b (mod n) mean começar a aprender
|
|
a and b have the same remainder when divided by n
|
|
|
write the general form of a linear ordinary differential equation of order n começar a aprender
|
|
an(t)y^n + an-1(t)y^n-1=... a0(t)y = g(t)
|
|
|
How do you find the general solution to a homogenous linear ODE with constant coefficients começar a aprender
|
|
solve the characteristic equation for roots r; solution is a combination of terms like e^rt
|
|
|
What is the key idea behind the gaussian elimination alogirthm começar a aprender
|
|
use row operations to reduce the system to upper triangular form then solve by back substitution
|
|
|
Name two iterative methods for solving large linear systems começar a aprender
|
|
Jacobi method and gauss seidel method
|
|
|
What is the difference between combinational and sequential logic circuits começar a aprender
|
|
combinational output depend only on current inputs while sequential on inputs and past states
|
|
|
what is a tree in graph theory começar a aprender
|
|
a connected acyclic graph
|
|
|
what does the rank of a matrix indicate começar a aprender
|
|
the maximum number of linearly independent rows or columns
|
|
|
what is the difference between absolute and relative error começar a aprender
|
|
absolute error is the magnitude of the difference between true and approximate value; relative error is the absolute error divided by the true value
|
|
|
What is simple harmonic motion começar a aprender
|
|
oscillatory motion described by x=A cos(wt+ phi) where w = sqr(k/m)
|
|
|
define stability in system control começar a aprender
|
|
a system is stable if it returns to equilibrium after a disturbance
|
|
|
what is an equivalence relation começar a aprender
|
|
a relation that is reflexive symmetric and transitive
|
|
|
what is the role of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in solving systems of linear ODEs começar a aprender
|
|
they help find the fundamental solutions typically e^deltat v
|
|
|
name common numerical integration methods começar a aprender
|
|
trapezoidal and simpson rule
|
|
|
what is the wronskian used for começar a aprender
|
|
to check the linear independence of solutions to differential equations
|
|
|
what is the significance of the condition number of a matrix começar a aprender
|
|
it measures how sensitive the solution of a linear system is to changes or errors in the input
|
|
|
what is the difference between homogenous and nonhomgenous differential equations começar a aprender
|
|
homogenous has zero forcing them
|
|
|
what components make up a typical microcontroller architecture começar a aprender
|
|
cpu; ram; rom; i/o ports; timers; ADC/DAC; communication interfaces
|
|
|
difference between conductors semiconductors and insulators in terms of electron flow começar a aprender
|
|
conductors have free electrons for easy flow, semiconductors have linited free electrons; insulators gave very few free electrons
|
|
|
|
começar a aprender
|
|
it finds the shortest path efficiently using heuristics
|
|
|
define open loop and closed loop control systems começar a aprender
|
|
open loop has no feedback; close loop uses feedback to adjust output
|
|
|
what data structure is ideal for implementing a priority queue começar a aprender
|
|
|
|
|
what is the purpose of a flip flop in digital circuits começar a aprender
|
|
to store one bit of memory
|
|
|
formula for frequency of simple harmonic motion começar a aprender
|
|
|
|
|
difference between mean and variance of data set começar a aprender
|
|
mean avarage of values while variance is average of squared deviayions from mean
|
|
|
|
começar a aprender
|
|
graph whose vertices can be divided jnto two disjoint sets with edges only between sets
|
|
|
what is modular arithmetic used for começar a aprender
|
|
to perform calculations with numbers wrapped around after reaching a certain modules
|
|
|
how does the method of jndetermined coefficients work for solving ODEs começar a aprender
|
|
guess the form of particular solution based on g(t) and solve for coefficients
|
|
|
dofference between lu and choelsky decomposition começar a aprender
|
|
lu is for general matrices cholesky for symmetric positive definite matrices
|
|
|
name a common iterative method for large sparse linear systems and its key advantage começar a aprender
|
|
conjugate gradient method; it converges wuickly for positive definite matrices
|
|
|
what is the main cause of truncation error in nimerical methods começar a aprender
|
|
approximating infinite series or derivatives by finite steps
|
|
|
whats the general structure of a feedback control system começar a aprender
|
|
input - controller - plant - output - feedback -comparator - controller
|
|
|
how do you test uf a set of vectors is linearly independent começar a aprender
|
|
check if the determinant of the matrix formed by vectors is nonzero or use wronskian for functions
|
|
|
what is the significance of eigenvalues with negative real parts in control systems começar a aprender
|
|
they kndicate stable system behavior
|
|
|
difference between trapezoidal and simposns rile for number integration começar a aprender
|
|
approximation with trapezoids or uses a parabolic arcs generally more accurate
|
|
|
|
começar a aprender
|
|
a subset where all elements are equivalent under an equivalnce relation
|
|
|
|
começar a aprender
|
|
small input errors produce small output errors so no amplification of errors
|
|
|
whats bayes theorem used for in data classification começar a aprender
|
|
updating the probability estimate for a hypothesis as more evidence becomes available
|
|
|
dofference between parametric and non parametric estimation começar a aprender
|
|
in parametric we assume distribution
|
|
|
what role timers and interrupts play in microcontrollers começar a aprender
|
|
timers measure intervals; interrupts handle asynchronous events efficiently
|
|
|
