reading & writing: fill in the blanks 250 - 500

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cathedrals
The city is known for its magnificent cathedrals.
with which the bishop is officially associated
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the principal church of a diocese
plummet
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fall or drop straight down at high speed
Stock prices plummeted after the announcement.
stroll
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walk in a leisurely way
They took a stroll along the beach.
impractical
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not adapted for use or action; not sensible or realistic
The plan was impractical and too expensive.
dwindling
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gradually diminishing in size
The dwindling resources caused concern.
coquettish
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behaving in such a way as to suggest a playful sexual attraction; flirtatious
She gave him a coquettish smile.
conservancy
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an organization concerned with the preservation of natural resources
The land was protected by a nature conservancy.
cohort
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a group of people with a shared characteristic
The study examined a cohort of students.
expend
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spend or use up (a resource such as money or energy)
They expended a lot of effort on the project.
treatise
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a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject
He wrote a treatise on economics.
rage
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violent uncontrollable anger
He was filled with rage.
stellar
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exceptionally good; outstanding
She gave a stellar performance.
conduit
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a channel for conveying water or other fluid; a tube or trough for protecting electric wiring
The river served as a conduit for trade.
entrepreneurs
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a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses
The city attracts many young entrepreneurs.
reams
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a large quantity of something
He wrote reams of notes.
horrific
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causing or showing great horror
The accident was horrific.
tranquility
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the quality or state of being tranquil; calm
They enjoyed the tranquility of the countryside.
deterrence
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the action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences
Nuclear weapons serve as a deterrence.
venom
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a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes
The snake's venom is deadly.
willow
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a tree or shrub of temperate climates that typically has narrow leaves and bears catkins
They sat under a willow tree.
recouping
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regain (something lost or expended)
The company is recouping its losses.
mosaic
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a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material
analyse
especially information)
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examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something
They analyzed the data.
typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation
discipline
The school has strict discipline.
using punishment to correct disobedience
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the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior
concise
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giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words; brief but comprehensive
He gave a concise summary.
cope
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deal effectively with something difficult
She learned to cope with stress.
detrimental
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tending to cause harm
Smoking is detrimental to your health.
engage
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occupy
The speaker engaged the audience.
critical
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expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgments
He was critical of the government.
adapt
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become adjusted to new conditions
Animals adapt to their environment.
concerns
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worry or anxiety
They expressed concerns about the plan.
consistent
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acting or done in the same way over time
His work is always consistent.
discourse
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written or spoken communication or debate
The conference featured a discourse on climate change.
dynamic
activity
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characterized by constant change
The city has a dynamic economy.
or progress
community
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a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common
The local community supported the project.
vital
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absolutely necessary or important; essential
Water is vital for survival.
strength
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the quality or state of being strong
He demonstrated great strength.
context
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the circumstances that form the setting for an event
daunting
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seeming difficult to deal with in anticipation; intimidating
The task seemed daunting.
devoted
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giving one's time or resources to something
She is devoted to her family.
interaction
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reciprocal action or influence
There was little interaction between them.
comprehensive
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complete and including everything that is necessary
The report was comprehensive.
collaborative
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involving or done by two or more people or organizations working together
It was a collaborative effort.
catastrophic
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involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering
The earthquake was catastrophic.
decade
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a period of ten years
The last decade has seen many changes.
accuracy
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the quality or state of being correct or precise
The accuracy of the data was questioned.
active
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engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits
He leads an active lifestyle.
influx
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an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things
The city saw an influx of tourists.
evaporation
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the process of turning from liquid into vapor
Evaporation cools the skin.
distortion
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the action of distorting or the state of being distorted
The photograph showed a distortion of reality.
vary
or nature from something else of the same general class
amount
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differ in size
degree
anxiety
nervousness
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a feeling of worry
She felt anxiety before the exam.
or unease about something with an uncertain outcome
einstein
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Albert Einstein
Einstein's theories revolutionized physics.
emerges
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become apparent
New ideas emerge from research.
contain
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have or hold (something) within
The box contains books.
triumph
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a great victory or achievement
The team's triumph was celebrated.
allure
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the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating
The allure of the city drew her in.
core
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the central or most important part of something
The core of the problem is funding.
equitable
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fair and impartial
They sought an equitable solution.
conviction
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a firmly held belief or opinion
He had a strong conviction about justice.
unravel
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investigate and solve or explain (something complicated or puzzling)
They tried to unravel the mystery.
coastal
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relating to or situated on a coast
Coastal towns are vulnerable to storms.
wisdom
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the quality of having experience
She spoke with wisdom.
vivid
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producing powerful feelings or strong
He had a vivid memory of the event.
consumers
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a person who purchases goods and services for personal use
Consumers are demanding better products.
advent
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the arrival of something
The advent of technology changed society.
compelling
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evoking interest
The evidence was compelling.
theories
Scientists develop theories to explain phenomena.
especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
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a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something
analysis
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detailed examination of the elements or structure of something
The analysis of the data revealed trends.
capacity
000.
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the maximum amount that something can contain
The stadium has a capacity of 50
pursue
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follow or chase (someone or something) persistently
She decided to pursue her dreams.
curious
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eager to know or learn something
Children are naturally curious.
disproportionate
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too large or too small in comparison with something else
The punishment was disproportionate to the crime.
coveted
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greatly desired or envied
The award was highly coveted.
rigorous
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extremely thorough and careful
They conducted a rigorous investigation.
induce
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succeed in persuading or leading (someone) to do something
The advertisement tried to induce people to buy the product.
instinct
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an innate (typically fixed) pattern of behavior in animals in response to certain stimuli
Animals have a survival instinct.
destruction
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the action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired
The fire caused widespread destruction.
hatch
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emerge from an egg
The birds hatch in the spring.
strain
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force (a part of one's body or oneself) to make a strenuous or unusually great effort
He strained his back lifting the box.
existed
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have being; have objective reality or being
Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.
conference
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a formal meeting of people with a shared interest
She attended a scientific conference.
acquire
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buy or obtain (an asset or object) for oneself
She acquired new skills.
explosive
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able or likely to cause an explosion
The situation was explosive.
prominent
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important; famous
He is a prominent figure in the community.
abundant
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existing or available in large quantities; plentiful
There is an abundant supply of water.
enormous
quantity
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very large in size
The building is enormous.
or extent
cutlery
forks
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knives
They set the table with cutlery.
and spoons used for eating or serving food
contaminating
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make (something) impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance
Pollution is contaminating the water.
disability
senses
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a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements
He has a physical disability.
or activities
cholesterol
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a compound of sterol type found in most body tissues
High cholesterol can lead to health problems.
exploit
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make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource)
They exploited the natural resources.
bursaries
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a grant or payment made to support a student's education
She received a bursary to attend university.
pollen
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a fine powdery substance
to which pollen is transported by the wind
essentially
they agreed on the plan.
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basically; fundamentally
Essentially
element
Honesty is an essential element of trust.
especially one that is essential or characteristic
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a part or aspect of something
scarce
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insufficient for the demand
Water is scarce in the desert.
tectonic
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relating to the structure of the earth's crust and its large-scale movements
Tectonic plates cause earthquakes.
exaggeration
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a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is
His story was full of exaggeration.
anchor
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moor (a vessel) to the sea bottom
The ship dropped anchor.
diverged
especially a main one
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separate from another route
The paths diverged in the forest.
and go in a different direction
downsized
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reduce in size
The company downsized its workforce.
plausible
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seeming reasonable or probable
His explanation was plausible.
elite
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a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society
The elite athletes competed.
imminent
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about to happen
Danger is imminent.
enterprise
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a business or company
He started his own enterprise.
champion
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a person who has surpassed all rivals in a sporting contest or other competition
He is the champion of the tournament.
democracy
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a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state
Democracy values freedom of speech.
castle
and often a moat
battlements
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a large building or group of buildings fortified against attack with thick walls
towers
nuisance
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a person, thing, or circumstance causing inconvenience or annoyance.
I hope you're not going to make a nuisance of yourself
truant
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a student who stays away from school without leave or explanation
He was truant from school.
console
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comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment
She tried to console her friend.
borrow
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take and use (something belonging to someone else) with the intention of returning it
Can I borrow your pen?
dominated
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have power and influence over
The team dominated the game.
alley
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a narrow passageway between or behind buildings
They walked down the alley.
epidemics
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a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
Epidemics can spread quickly.
dowdy
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unfashionable and without style in appearance (typically used of a woman or her clothes)
She wore dowdy clothes.
crude
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in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined
Crude oil is processed into gasoline.
splurged
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spend money freely or extravagantly
They splurged on a vacation.
rivals
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a person or thing competing with another for the same objective
The two companies are rivals.
feather
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any one of the light growths that make up the plumage of a bird
The bird had colorful feathers.
culturomics
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the quantitative analysis of cultural trends using digital records such as digitized books
Culturomics studies cultural trends.
extraneous
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irrelevant or unrelated to the subject being dealt with
Extraneous details were removed.
disarming
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having the effect of allaying suspicion or hostility
His disarming smile put her at ease.
facetious
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treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant
His facetious remarks were inappropriate.
elicited
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evoke or draw out (a response
Her question elicited a response.
gaps
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a break or hole in an object or between two objects
There were gaps in the fence.
encroachment
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intrusion on a person's territory
The encroachment of the city threatened the wildlife.
exclude
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deny (someone) access to or bar (someone) from a place
They excluded him from the meeting.
rotunda
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a round building or room
The building had a grand rotunda.
affection
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a gentle feeling of fondness or liking
She had a deep affection for her family.
unadorned
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not decorated; plain
The room was unadorned.
delegate
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a person sent or authorized to represent others
She was a delegate at the conference.
plight
difficult
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a dangerous
The plight of the refugees was dire.
or otherwise unfortunate situation
dispersal
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the action or process of distributing or spreading things or people over a wide area
The dispersal of seeds is essential for plant growth.
curator
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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection
The museum curator organized the exhibition.
beaver
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a large semiaquatic broad-tailed rodent that is native to North America and northern Eurasia. It is noted for its habit of gnawing through tree trunks to fell the trees in order to feed on the bark and build dams.
torn
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pull or rip (something) apart or to pieces with force
The flag was torn by the wind.
adjacent
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next to or adjoining something else
The park is adjacent to the school.
salvage
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rescue (goods or property) from a fire
They tried to salvage the ship.
conceived
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form or devise (a plan or idea) in the mind
He conceived the idea for the project.
accused
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a person or group of people who are charged with or on trial for a crime
The accused stood trial.
jury
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a body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court
The jury deliberated the case.
constructive
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serving a useful purpose; tending to build up
They offered constructive criticism.
beyond
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at or to the further side of
The mountains lie beyond the valley.
consequences
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a result or effect of an action or condition
Consider the consequences of your actions.
account
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a report or description of an event or experience
He gave an account of the accident.
guilt
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the fact of having committed a specified or implied offense or crime
He felt guilt for his mistake.
gentle
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having or showing a mild
She has a gentle nature. correlation
academic
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relating to education and scholarship
She has a strong academic background.
genres
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a category of artistic composition
equipment
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the necessary items for a particular purpose
The team used specialized equipment.
credibility
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the quality of being trusted and believed in
The witness's credibility was questioned.
according
it will rain.
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as stated by or in
According to the report
decline
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become smaller
The population is in decline.
communicate
news
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share or exchange information
They communicate regularly.
or ideas
garnered
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gather or collect (something
The project garnered support.
course
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a series of lectures or lessons about a particular subject
She took a course in history.
elusive
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difficult to find
Success can be elusive.
indicate
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point out; show
The signs indicate a storm is coming.
cited
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quote (a passage
critics
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a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something
Critics reviewed the film.
confidence
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the feeling or belief that one can have faith in or rely on someone or something
She spoke with confidence.
ethical
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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these
The company has ethical guidelines.
bias
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prejudice in favor of or against one thing
sculpture
The museum displayed ancient sculptures.
especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster
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the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms
eventually
Eventually
especially after a long delay or series of problems
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in the end
they reached their destination.
encompasses
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include comprehensively (something)
The program encompasses various activities.
culinary
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of or relating to cooking or kitchens
She has culinary skills.
contract
or tenancy
especially one concerning employment
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a written or spoken agreement
that is intended to be enforceable by law
sales
spike
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a sharp rise in the magnitude or concentration of something
There was a spike in sales.
prior
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existing or coming before in time
He had prior experience.
complexity
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the state or quality of being intricate or complicated
The complexity of the system made it hard to understand.
notable
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worthy of attention or notice; remarkable
He is a notable author.
surge
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a sudden powerful forward or upward movement
There was a surge of excitement.
desirable
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wished for as being attractive
The job offer was desirable.
cattle
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large ruminant animals with horns and cloven hoofs
The farmer raised cattle.
emphasis
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special importance
The emphasis was on safety.
bravery
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courageous behavior or character
His bravery was admired.
integral
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necessary to make a whole; essential or fundamental
The team is an integral part of the company.
succumbed
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give way to superior force; yield
He succumbed to the pressure.
internship
sometimes without pay
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the position of a student or trainee who works in an organization
She completed an internship at the hospital.
in order to gain work experience or satisfy requirements for a qualification
boon
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a thing that is helpful or beneficial
The new road was a boon to the town.
literature
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written works
She studied English literature.
criticism
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the expression of disapproval of someone or something on the basis of perceived faults or mistakes
He received criticism for his work.
define
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give the meaning of (a word or phrase)
Define the term 'photosynthesis'.
scrutiny
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critical observation or examination
The plan came under close scrutiny.
crust
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the tough outer part of bread
The pizza had a crispy crust.
dealt
começar a aprender
distribute (cards) in an orderly rotation to players for a game or round
She dealt the cards.
cacophony
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a harsh discordant mixture of sounds
There was a cacophony of noises.
invisible
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unable to be seen; not visible
The air is invisible.
director
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a person in charge of an activity or unit in an organization
The film director gave instructions.
thesis
She wrote a thesis on climate change.
written by a candidate for a university degree
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a long essay or dissertation involving personal research
sequence
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a particular order in which related events
The events happened in sequence.
canal
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an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to irrigate land
The canal was used for transportation.
chunk
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a thick, solid piece of something.
He ate a chunk of cheese.
hypothesis
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a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
They tested the hypothesis.
delegates
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a person sent or authorized to represent others
The delegates discussed the issue.
compulsory
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required by law or rules; obligatory
Education is compulsory for children.
decisive
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settling an issue; producing a definite result
He made a decisive move.
cumbersome
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large or heavy and therefore difficult to carry or use; slow or complicated and therefore inefficient
The equipment was cumbersome.
relic
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an object surviving from an earlier time
The museum displayed ancient relics.
transit
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the carrying of people or goods or the state of being carried from one place to another
The goods were in transit.
acquisition
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an asset or object bought or obtained
The museum made a new acquisition.
resented
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feel bitterness or indignation at (a circumstance
She resented his comments.
truants
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a student who stays away from school without leave or explanation
The teachers dealt with the truants.
supreme
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highest in authority or rank
The supreme court made the ruling.
upright
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vertical; erect
She sat upright.
comfortable
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providing or giving physical ease and relaxation
The chair was comfortable.
verse
começar a aprender
writing arranged with a metrical rhythm
The poem was written in verse.
rehabilitate
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restore (someone) to health or normal life by training and therapy after imprisonment
They worked to rehabilitate the patients.
clusters
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a group of things of the same kind that occur close together
There were clusters of stars in the sky.
beaks
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a bird's horny projecting jaws; a bill
The birds had sharp beaks.
treadmill
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a device used for walking or running while staying in one place
He ran on the treadmill.
persuade
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induce (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument
They tried to persuade him to join.
imitate
começar a aprender
follow or copy (a person or their style or manner)
Children imitate their parents.
speculate
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form a theory or conjecture about a subject without firm evidence
They speculated about the future.
beast
The lion is a beast.
especially a large or dangerous four-footed one
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an animal
stake
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a strong post driven into the ground
They drove a stake into the ground.
tendency
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an inclination or predisposition toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior
He has a tendency to procrastinate.
criticisms
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the expression of disapproval of someone or something on the basis of perceived faults or mistakes
They addressed the criticisms.
preliminary
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denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important
They conducted preliminary tests.
eccentric
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unconventional and slightly strange
He was an eccentric character.
verdict
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a decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest
The jury delivered the verdict.
drill
He used a drill to make a hole.
used for making holes
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a tool or machine with a rotating cutting tip or reciprocating hammer or chisel
dissipated
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disperse or scatter
The fog dissipated.
adamant
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refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind
She was adamant about her decision.
delegation
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a body of delegates or representatives; a group or team
The delegation arrived for the conference.
aisles
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a passage between rows of seats in a building such as a church or theater
They walked down the aisles.
cosmology
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the science of the origin and development of the universe
Cosmology studies the universe.
denouement
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the final part of a play
absolute
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not qualified or diminished in any way; total
He has absolute power.
destroyed
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end the existence of (something) by damaging or attacking it
The fire destroyed the building.
hunting
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the activity of pursuing and killing wild animals or game for food
They went hunting in the forest.
nuances
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a subtle difference in or shade of meaning
He understood the nuances of the language.
expressive
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effectively conveying thought or feeling
Her eyes were expressive.
death
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the action or fact of dying or being killed; the end of the life of a person or organism
The death of her father was a sad event.
empirical
concerned with
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based on
The study used empirical data.
or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic
cognitive
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relating to cognition; involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking
Cognitive development is essential for learning.
adverse
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preventing success or development; harmful; unfavorable
Adverse weather conditions delayed the flight.
domain
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an area of territory owned or controlled by a ruler or government
The national park is in the public domain.
accessible
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able to be reached or entered
The museum is accessible to everyone.
creativity
começar a aprender
the use of imagination or original ideas to create something; inventiveness
Creativity is essential for innovation.

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