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warehouse
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magazyn
He ran across the warehouse to the opposite end. The goods have been sitting in a warehouse for months because a strike has prevented distribution.
seamlessly
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bezproblemowo, bezbłędnie, bez zakłóceń
It's a kids' movie that seamlessly combines live action with computer-generated creatures.
pompous
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pompatyczny
They were trying to be pompous in front of everyone.
acumen
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bystrość
He was known to have a very strong business acumen. technical acumen
reap rewards
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czerpać korzyści
lever
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dźwignia
There's gotta be a lever or a button over here. The economic crisis was used as a lever to force people to vote 'yes'.
allure
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kusić; nęcić; uwodzić; powab, wdzięk, pokusa
the quality of being attractive, interesting, or exciting; attraction, charm, or excitement:
Tasteless:- Not be allured or tempted at all to any taste. But we got allured by the color ourselves. the allure of working in television sexual allure; The allure of the stage drew him back to acting.
tenure
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stały etat, kadencja; prawo posiadania
I am working hard to get tenure at this university. We were a prosperous country during his tenure. An average tenure in IT companies is below two years.
governance
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zarządzanie, kierowanie, rządy
Their governance was very harmful to our country.
workforce
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siła robocza, potencjał ludzki, pracownicy, liczba zatrudnionych
We can only maintain a competitive edge if our workforce has the right training.
despise
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gardzić
They despise each other. Did he want everyone to despise him?
hone
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udoskonalć, doprowadzać do perfekcjia
to hone your skills
lavish
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rozrzutny, wystawny, pyszny
They lead a lavish lifestyle.
preemptive
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wyprzedzający, uprzedzający; zapobiegać; udaremniać
a preemptive air strike on an enemy base
queer
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nieheteronormatywny
gay; not fitting traditional ideas about gender or sexuality, especially the idea that everyone is either male or female or that people should only have sexual relationships with the opposite sex; strange, unusual, or not expected
He says they use the word "queer" to include anyone who wants to be included (gay, bi, trans, whatever). They strongly identify with queer culture. What a queer thing to say! I'm feeling rather queer (= ill), may I sit down?
interim
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okres prezjściowy; tymczasowy, przejściowy
Unfortunately, the subject is always largely ignored in the interim. We must know what the plans of the interim government there are.
reimburse
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zwracać pieniądze, pokrywać koszty, refundować
"Will I be reimbursed for the cost of the call?" The airline reimbursed me for the amount they had overcharged me.
tenement
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kamienica czynszowa
Rapid development is replacing old neighborhoods and tenements with modern office buildings.
bobby pin
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wsuwka (do włosów)
counter-indication, contraindication
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przeciwwskazanie
Syphilis contracted late in the pregnancy, and tuberculosis, are contraindications, owing to the danger of the mother infecting the child.
set sth down
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odnotować, zapisać coś; ustalić coś
The rules of the club are set down in the members' handbook.
set sb down
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wysadzić (pasażera)
The cab set us down a long way from our hotel, and we had to walk.
fumes
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spaliny
Petrol fumes always make me feel ill. cigar fumes
ask away
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śmiało, dawaj, wal śmiało, pytaj śmiał
informal, also fire away
imminent
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bliski, nadciągający, bliski, nieuchronny
The company is in imminent danger of collapse. She should inform him of his imminent fatherhood.
inbound
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przychodzące, przybywający
We expect delays to both inbound and outbound trains.
errand
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sprawa do załatwienia, polecenie, zadanie
Could you run an errand for me?
errand boy
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Chłopiec na posyłki
The other boy had no particular ambition and became an errand boy in a department store.
slant down
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zacinać (o deszczu)
drizzle
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mżawka, mżyć
handlebars
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Kierownice
bike handlebars
be caught in the rain
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być złapanym przez deszcz
frame sb
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wrabiać kogoś
I didn't do it, someone framed me! I want to frame Peter in murder - do you want to help me?
toss
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podrzucać; targać, rzucać; rzygać; kichać na coś, mieć coś w dupie
to toss a coin; The wind was tossing the branches. Don't toss on my carpet!; I don't want to talk about my ex, I toss her. I toss this test and this school.
not give a toss
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nie interesowac się, nie przejmować się (czymś)
to not be worried at all by something
I don't give a toss what he thinks.
tenuous
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cieniutki; wątły, słaby, nieprzekonujący, wątpliwy; delikatny, subtelny (różnica)
~ connection, ~ relation, ~ relationship, ~ argument, ~ plan, ~ string, ~ branch, ~ difference
homogeneity
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jednorodność, homogeniczność
cultural/racial homogeneity
offset
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zrównoważyć, skompenskować
The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here.
contempt
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pogarda
He looked at them with contempt. I could hear the contempt in her voice. Cindy did not bother to attempt to disguise her contempt.
disguise
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przebranie; zatuszować (akcent); ukryć (uczucia)
My brother disguised himself as a pirate. I have to disguise my accent. She disguised an ugly blemish. He disguises his feeling for her. He had to disguise his true identity.
blemish
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skaza; krosta, pryszcz; niesodkonałośc
freckles, scars, and other minor skin blemishes
belittle
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bagatelizować, umniejszać
Though she had spent hours fixing the computer, he belittled her efforts. Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued.
espouse
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poślubić; opowiedzieć się za czymś, związać się z czymś, obierać (np. za ideą, z partią polityczną, sposób życia) formal
Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse. He espoused conservative political views.
perpetuate
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uwiecznić, utrwalci
Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy. The aim of the association is to perpetuate the skills of traditional furniture design.
merit
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wartość, zaleta, zasługa, wyróżnienie; zasłużyć, zasługiwać
My husband was promoted because of merit, not because of friendship. I can't see any merit in his proposal.; This suggestion merits further discussion. This plan merits careful attention.
insofar as
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o tyle, że; w zakresie, w jakim
She had done her best to comfort him, insofar as she was able.
indispensable
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nieodzowny, niezbędny, konieczny, niezastąpiony
This book is an indispensable resource for researchers. His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.
thunderbolt
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piorun, grom z nieba
The news of the layoffs was a thunderbolt that left us all reeling.
reel
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kołowrotek, szpula; być wstrząśniętym
We were reeling (in amazement/shock/delight, etc.) from/with the news that we had won all that money.
invective
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inwektywa, obelga
A stream of invective from some sectors of the press continues to assail the government. They tend to use the theological slogans as rallying points and as points of invective.
rally
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rajd
pay one's way
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zarabiać na własne utrzymanie
to pay for yourself rather than allowing someone else to pay
jump through hoops
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yczyniać cuda, robić rzeczy niemożliwe
We had to jump through hoops to get my Dad admitted to hospital.
be far removed from something
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być dalekim od czegoś
It's a wonderful experience but it's far removed from reality.
sleight of hand
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kuglarstwo, sztuczka
Most of these conjuring tricks depend on sleight of hand. ​ By some statistical sleight of hand the government has produced figures showing that unemployment has recently fallen. The argument seems plausible only through a sleight of hand.
worm one's way (into)
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wkręcić się, wkupić się, wcisnąc się
He wormed himself into her affections without her ever suspecting he only did it for her money.
worm one's way out of sth
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wykręcić się od czegoś, wymigiwać się od czegoś
worm sth out of sb
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wyciągnąć coś z kogoć
He wasn't going to tell me, but I managed to worm it out of him.
incumbent
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obowiązujący, piastujący urząc
~ president; In order to be a good mayor, the incumbent should care about their citizens. She felt it incumbent upon/on her to raise the subject at their meeting.
make (all) the running
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wytężyć siły, sprężyć się
British companies have often made all the running in developing new ideas, but have then failed to market them. I could never make the running against such practised cyclists.
gloom
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mrok
woke
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świadomy, obeznany
She urged young black people to stay woke.
shudder
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dreszcz (emocji), ciarki; mieć ciarki
I felt a shudder when he went into the room. I shudder to think what you write in your little diary.
palpable
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namacalny, wyraźny, ewidentny
a palpable effect Her joy was palpable. The tension in the room was palpable during the exam.
ripple
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marszczyć; plusk, szmer strumyka, fala, zmarczka na wodzie; szemrać
The water surface rippled after a stone fell into the lake. I heard a ripple coming from the lake. The ripple of the stream was calming. The crowd started to ripple after his speech.
cornucopia
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róg obfitości
The table held a veritable cornucopia of every kind of food or drink you could want.
wether
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skop, wykastrowany baran
He drove around the paddocks checking wethers, ewes and lambs.
paddock
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wybieg dla koni, padok
ewe
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owca, maciorka (samica owcy)
cesspool / cesspit
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szambo
lathe
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tokarka
to grunt
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chrząknięcie, chrumkać
The pigs were grunting contentedly as they ate their food.
plague-stricken
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dotknięty zarazą, zadżumiony
to take turns [with somebody] to do something
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robić coś (z kimś) na zmianę)
flake out
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padać ze zmęczenia; robić coś bardzo nieoczekiwanego
I got home and flaked out on the sofa.; I'm tired of relying on other people - they keep flaking out on me.
gasket
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uszczelka
The gasket has blown (= allowed gas, oil, or steam to escape).
to blow a gasket/fuse
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wpaść w szał, eksplodować, wściec się
When he told her how much it cost, she blew a gasket.
fuse
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bezpiecznik; stapiać się, łączyć się
I'm afraid the fuse must have blown. (przepalił się) Do you know where the fuse box is? The atoms of hydrogen fuse to form helium atoms.
grit
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odwaga, twardy charakter; żwir, piasek
It takes true (= real) grit to stand up to a bully; Maybe you got some grit in your eye.
resolve
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rozwiązać; postanowić; ulegać rozkłądowi, rozpuszczać się; determinacja, stanowczość
The problem resolved itself; I resolved to give you the money.; The plastic bag resolves for a few hundred years.; His resolve is admirable. She showed resolve when she started practising.
unwavering
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niezachwiane, niewzruszony
Her belief in the project has been unwavering.
take stock of
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ocenić sytuację, zrobić bilans
After the storm homeowners came out to take stock of the damage.
budge
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ruszyć, poruszyć, drgnąć; zmienić zdanie, nakłonić do zmiany zdania
I've tried moving the desk but it won't budge/I can't budge it. I've tried persuading her, but she won't budge.
engraving
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rycina, grawerunek, grawerowanie
The museum owns many fine 18th-century engravings.
mojo
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urok, seksapil, atrakcyjność; zaklęcie, talizman
He's definitely lost his mojo. He needs to get his mojo working if he's going to win the election.
faucet / tap
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kran
What is the water pressure in the tap? The tap in the kitchen is dripping. the hot/cold faucet Turn the faucet on/off.
off the cuff
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z miejsca, z marszu, bez przygotowania (zwykle o przemawianiu)
I hadn't prepared a speech so I just said a few words off the cuff.
lead apron
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Fartuch ołowiany (ochronny przed promieniowaniem)
Once again, technicians are inside the theatre and wear lead aprons, whereas radiographers work outside behind a protective screen.
suffocating
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duszny, duszący
I've got to open the window - it's suffocating in here! suffocating smoke/fumes; The book tells the story of a woman escaping from a suffocating marriage. It is a land of antiquated social rules and suffocating traditions.
antiquated
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staroświecki, przestarzały, antykwaryczny
It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries. Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated. antiquated ideas/attitudes/values antiquated laws/machinery/technology
dismember
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rozczłonkować, poćwiartować; dokonać rozbioru (państwa)
unilaterally
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jednostronnie, unilateralnie
We could cut that down unilaterally, but we'd rather not... Britain can unilaterally halt Brexit process, EU's to court rules.
passageway
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korytarz
At the far end of the passageway was a door.
don
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przywdziać, przybierać
She donned a face as if she was disgusted. She dons a fake smile every single day. If you don your invisibility cloak, then...
cloak
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płaszcz, peleryna; przykrywka, zasłona
He always wore a black cloak. Get him his armor and a red cloak.; When he was a spy, his cloak was being an investigative journalist.
cavern
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jaskinia, pieczara
invariant
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niezmienna
traits that are invariant throughout all mammals
thereby
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w ten sposób, tym samym; wskutek czego, w wyniku czego
This church was built in 1897 and is thereby the town's oldest building.; She was late and thereby missed her train.
spurious
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nieprawdziwy, fałszywy, błędny
based on false reasoning or information that is not true, and therefore not to be trusted:
Some of the arguments in favour of shutting the factory are questionable and others downright spurious. They made spurious claims of personal injury.
meager
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chydy, szczupły; ubogi, cienki; niewielki, skromny
very small in amount or number; only as much or not as much as is needed or thought to be suitable
The food at my grandmother's house was meager and barely edible. However, the evidence for their universal validity remains meager.
gooseberry
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agrest
keep an eye out for sb/sth
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rozglądać się (za czymś lub za kimś), wypatrywać (na kogoś lub coś)
Keep an eye out for a new edition of the magazine.
keep an eye on sth
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pilnować czegoś, mić oko na coś
Keep an eye on our suitcase!
loathe
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brzydzić się, czuć wstręt, nienawidzić
I'm loathing to slow down our progress or disrupt our flow when I'm very happy with the way the team is working together. From an early age the brothers have loathed each other. "Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it." I loathe doing housework.
disrupt
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zakłócać
Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning.
concise
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zwięzły, krótki
Make your answers clear and concise. She wrote up a concise summary of the day’s events. The first answer contains concise and accurate information
spring up
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wyrastać jak grzyby po deszczu, po
Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past couple of years. A complete new industry in straw baling would spring up.
baling
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belowanie
straw baling, hay baling
hay
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siano
tusk
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kieł (morsa, dzika), cios (słonia); dźgać, przebijać kłem
the elephant was tusked in the side by another male elephant in the fight
mourn
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opłakiwać, lamentować, obchodzić żałobę; żałować
Queen Victoria mourned Prince Albert/Prince Albert's death for 40 years. She was still mourning for her brother. They mourned the passing of an older, simpler way of life (= felt sad because it had stopped existing).
carcass
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padlina, zewłok, tusza; kadłub, szkielet, osnowa (np. budynku, statku)
I saw a dog carcass in alley this morning. The vultures were eating a carcass of an animal; It can take weeks to fix the ship's carcass. Carcasses of burned-out vehicles lined the roads near the scene of the worst fighting.
vulture
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sęp (też przenośnie)
When a company is in crisis like this, the vultures are always hovering.
hind
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łania; tylni, zadni (o nodze zwierzęcia)
hind leg, hind foot
scavenger
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padlinożerca, zamiatacz, osoba grzebiąca w śmieciach za pożywieniem
With all these scavengers, what would be left of the body?
beak
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dziób
It is for my parrot Polly, to sharpen his beak.
plummet
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runąć, spadać, obniżać się (o wartoćci, ilości)
House prices have plummeted in recent months. Several large rocks were sent plummeting down the mountain. She plummeted to the ground. The population of vultures has plummeted.
chow down
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jeść, wcinać
She claimed to be on a diet but I saw her chow down a whole chocolate bar. It’s just not the same as chowing down in your favourite eatery and being able to totally relax.
timelapse (time-lapse)
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ekspozycja poklatkowa (upływ czasu)
time-lapse photography a time-lapse camera/sequence
keep tabs on sth/sb
começar a aprender
nie spuszczać z czegoś oka, bacznie obserwować
I like to keep tabs on my bank account so that I don't spend too much.
blatant
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bezczelny, jawny, rażący, dobitny, ewidentny
very obvious, with no attempt to be honest or behave well
blatant lies/racism, It was a blatant lie, but what else could she say?
put up with (sth)
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znosić, wytrzymać, tolerować, pogodzić się z czymś
to accept unpleasant behaviour or an unpleasant situation, although you do not like it
I can't put up with his behaviour anymore! To put up with a fact. He's so rude, I don't know how you put up with him.
condescending
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protekcjonalny
showing that you think that you are better or more important than someone else
condescending smile. Matt Mansplainer posts yet another condescending explanation to a subject matter expert in your slack.
equitable
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sprawiedliwy, godziwy, równy
treating everyone in an equal way
a fair and equitable voting system, It's a very equitable deal for the both of us.
perpetuate
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uwieczniać, utrwalać, zachowywać; adawać nieprzerwany bieg, kontynuować
to make something continue, especially something bad
People think of him as a cruel man, an image perpetuated by the media.
exacerbates
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pogarszać, zaostrzać, powodować nasilenie, powodować pogorszenie (np. samopoczucia)
to make something worse
Sunny weather exacerbates the effects of pollution. Their economic situation was exacerbated by a critical lack of water.
disproportionately
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nieproporcjonalnie, niewspółmiernie
too large or small in comparison to something
There are a disproportionate number of girls in the class. They paid a disproportionately low price for the car.
filthy
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obrzydliwy, bardzo brudny; paskudny, ohydny; wulgarny, sprośmy
extremely dirty; rude or offensive
Wash your hands, they're filthy!, The weather is just filthy today.; filthy language/jokes Smoking is a filthy habit.; You shouldn't use filthy language in front of children.
maid
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pokojówka, służąca; panna
The maid will come to clean your room when you go out.
exasperated
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rozdrażniony, zirytowany; zdesperowany, zniecierpliwiony
extremely annoyed
He's become increasingly exasperated with the situation. One of the group made an exasperated sound and turned around. Trying not to sound too exasperated, I told her my name again.
gunk (AM) gunge (GB)
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kleista masa, maź, gluty
any thick, sticky, unpleasant substance:
There was a lot of gunk on my bike chain.
upkeep
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utrzymanie, pielęgnacja; koszty utrzymania
the cost or process of keeping something, such as a building, in good condition
Let us not make them pay for the upkeep of the country. And of course the upkeep these days is quite high. The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive.
cookie licking
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zaklepywanie sobie czegoś, nawet jak się tego potem nie wykorzysta/ nie zrobi
a common Anti-pattern where someone (metaphorically) takes a cookie, licks it and puts it back on the cookie tray, essentially preventing anyone else from having it, but not eating it by himself or herself.
"I just got that email saying you were going to write the backend for the TacoTruck web app? Is that true?" "Naw, I was just cookie licking, man."
sneer
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śmiechać się szyderczo kpić, zadrwić, szydzić, patrzeć z pogardą; szyderczy uśmiech, pogardliwe spojrzenie
to talk about or look at someone or something in an unkind way that shows you do not respect or approve of him, her, or it:
You may sneer, but a lot of people like this kind of music. She'll probably sneer at my new shoes because they're not expensive. [+ speech ] "Is that the best you can do?" he sneered.
deputy
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zastępca; deputowany, poseł, posłanka
a person who is given the power to do something instead of another person, or the person whose rank is immediately below that of the leader of an organization:
He had his business ran by a deputy while he was gone. a deputy chairman. the deputy editor. a sheriff’s deputy.; Only half of the deputies appeared on today's voting.
shrug
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wzruszać ramionami
She shrugged her shoulders, but I thought she was annoyed.
caucus
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klika, koteria; zamknięte zebranie ścisłego kierownictwa partii
/ˈkɔː.kəs/ - (a meeting of) a small group of people in a political party or organization who have a lot of influence, or who have similar interests
There is a caucus in this party, and it's difficult to be a part of it.; They discussed the matter during the caucus.
proselytise
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łosić wiarę, nawracać
Television has provided the evangelists with yet another platform for their proselytizing. Even that he has been proselytizing about saving the environment.
UK /ˈprɒs.əl.ɪ. taɪz/ US /ˈprɑː. sə. lɪ. taɪz/ - to try to persuade someone to change their religious or political beliefs or way of living to your own:
fraught
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napięty, pełen napięcia
What a fraught film! The atmosphere in the office is fraught.
Infighting
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walki wewnętrzne, konflikty wewnętrzne
There is infighting over how the money will be paid. political infighting Years of infighting among the leaders have destroyed the party.
nongregarious
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estadny (o zwierzęciu), nietowarzyski (o osobie)
UK /nɒnɡrɪˈɡeə.ri.əs/ US /nɑːnɡrɪˈɡer.i.əs/
A widower at fifty-two, childless, nongregarious, he seemed as unattached to ordinary passions as to his office.
innocuous
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nieszkodliwy
UK /ɪˈnɒk.ju.əs/ US /ɪˈnɑː. kju.əs/ - completely with no harm
Some mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact poisonous. an innocuous statement innocuous activities
serendipitously
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nieoczekiwanie
UK /ˌser.ənˈdɪp.ɪ. təs/ US /ˌser.ənˈdɪp.ə. t̬əs/ - happening or found by chance:
n 1818, the town had serendipitously received formal city rights. Unless it turns up serendipitously we're out of luck. Reading should be an adventure, a personal experience full of serendipitous surprises.
fortuitously
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przypadkowo
UK /fɔːˈtʃuː.ɪ. təs. li/ US /fɔːrˈtuː.ə. t̬əs. li/ - in a way that happens by chance rather than being planned, and is to your advantage:
This has come very fortuitously, when we most need it. Fortuitously for him, the company decided to employ him.
heady
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mocny, gwałtowny; idący do głowy
having a powerful effect, making you feel slightly drunk or excited: a heady wine/perfume In the heady days of their youth, they thought anything was possible.
flounder
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flądra; ątać się, być skołowanym kuleć, mieć problemy (o gospodarce, interesach, karierze) brnąć (w wodzie, błocie) rzucać się
to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to decide what to do or say next:
He lost the next page of his speech and floundered around/about for a few seconds. Although his business was a success, his marriage was floundering. Richardson resigned as chairman, leaving the company floundering.
resent
começar a aprender
czuć się urażonym, oburzać się, mieć pretensje
She resented the fact that I got a better price for the same product. She bitterly resented her father's new wife. [+ -ing verb ] He resents having to explain his work to other people.
ire
começar a aprender
gniew
UK /aɪər/ US /aɪr/
Petty restrictions easily raised/aroused the ire of such a creative artist. The new version has raised the ire of various groups.
merely
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tylko, zaledwe
It's merely a small scratch. It's merely a portion of the total profit. You're merely a child.
boon
começar a aprender
dar, skarb, dobrodziejstwo
something that is very helpful and improves the quality of life, a blessing
Your compassion is a boon in this troubled time. Whilst a sleeping tablet is a boon, many sleeping tablets can be fatal. Spring rains are a boon to local farmers
sorority
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stowarzyszenie żeńskie (na uniwersytecie, szczególnie w USA)
a social organization for female students at some US colleges
Soon we were like girls going through sorority rush together.
avowedly
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zgodnie z własną deklaracją; jawnie, otwarcie
an avowedly feminist author They have avowedly lofty motives.
lofty
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wzniosły, wysoki
a lofty ceiling/mountain/wall
discernible
UK /dɪˈsɜː. nə. bəl/ US /dɪˈsɝː. nə. bəl/
começar a aprender
zauważalny, dostrzegalny, wyczuwalny
- able to be seen or understood:
The influence of Rodin is discernible in the younger artist. There is no discernible reason why this should be the case.
pelvis
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miednica
She has a fractured pelvis.
część ciała
fidelity
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wierność; dokładność, ścisłość
I take this ring as a sign of your love and fidelity; We measure complexity and fidelity of data in terms of polygonal count.
drowsy
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senny, śpiący, ospały; uspokojony (np atmosfera)
being in a state between sleeping and being awake:
She cast an eye over the two drowsy children. The room is so warm it's making me feel drowsy. to grow drowsy
pelvic
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miedniczny
the pelvic region/area
in relation to pelvis
bestow
começar a aprender
obdarzyć, obdarzać, obdarowywać, obdarować, przyznać, przyznawać
to give something as an honour or present:
The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed upon/on British civilians for acts of great bravery. She bestowed a smile on me.
grab hold of something
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złap coś; złapać/ uchwycić/ uczepić/ chwycić się czegoś
Grab hold of the rope and hold on tight!
interrogation
começar a aprender
przesłuchanie
a process of asking someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence:
One by one they were taken for interrogation. She was subjected to torture and lengthy interrogations.
on-premise
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na miejscu
o-premise software/requirements (used in IT)
outage
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prerwa w dostawie
a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available:
The radio news reported power outages affecting 50 homes.
cardinality
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liczność, moc zbioru
the number of elements (= separate items) in a mathematical set:
subsets with a small cardinality
bandwidth
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pasmo, przepustowość łącza
a measurement of the amount of information that can be sent between computers, through a phone line, etc.:; the ability or time to deal with a situation, especially one that involves a large amount of information or a number of problems:
The system will handle signals that need high bandwidth, for instance those that encode TV pictures. high-bandwidth services/applications; I don't have the bandwidth to read stuff I know isn't going to lead to productive discussion.
sworn
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przysięgły, zaprzysiężony
A new two-party coalition government was sworn in Tuesday in Estonia
circuitous
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okrężny, okólny
not straight or direct:
a circuitous route/path a circuitous (= long and indirect) explanation
adversarial
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przeciwny, antagonistyczny
involving people opposing or disagreeing with each other:
In the old days of two-party adversarial politics, voting was easy. Lawyers enjoy being adversarial.
supersede
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zastępować, wypierać
to replace something, especially something older or more old-fashioned:
Most of the old road has been superseded by the great interstate highways. The state law was superseded by the federal Family and Medical Leave Act.
facet
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aspekt, strona; faseta (diamentu)
one part of a subject, situation, etc. that has many parts
She has so many facets to her personality.; one of the small flat surfaces cut on a precious stone
palatable
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smaczny, do przyjęcia
Palatable food or drink has a pleasant taste, If something is palatable, it is acceptable:
a very palatable wine The meal was barely palatable. The city council has tried to make property taxes more palatable by giving homeowners more time to pay them.
labor
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(ciężka) praca fizyczna; poród, robocizna; siła robocza
Hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still laboring to free those trapped.
The car parts themselves are not expensive – it’s the labor that costs so much. skilled/unskilled labor, Hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still laboring to free those trapped.
culpable
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winny (o osobie), karygodny (o postępku)
deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad:
He was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened. The landowner could be proved culpable for starting the fire
flurry
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tuman, podmuch (np. deszczu, śniegu); przypływ (np. emocji), zalew (np. informacji), napływ (np. listów), szereg (np. wydarzeń, czynności)
a sudden light fall of snow, blown in different directions by the wind; a sudden, short period of activity, excitement, or interest:
We might see a snow flurry or two tonight.; The prince's words on marriage have prompted a flurry of speculation in the press this week. a flurry of activity
sloppy
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niechlujny, niedbały, niestaranny
Paul's so sloppy - he always spills something on the floor.
cringe
começar a aprender
czuć zażenowanie; wzdrygać się, odsunąć się od czegoś
UK /krɪndʒ/ US /krɪndʒ/ to suddenly move away from someone or something because you are frightened informal to feel very embarrassed:
I knew he was being fair, but inside I cringed. Dennie cringed back from the screen with disgust. I cringed at the sight of my dad dancing.
gauge
começar a aprender
miernik, wskaźnik, licznik; mierzyć, szacować, oceniać, określać
/ɡeɪdʒ/
The gauge said nineteen miles per hour. A poll was conducted to gauge consumers' attitudes.
vagaries
começar a aprender
kaprysy, dziwactwa
UK /ˈveɪ.ɡər. iz/ US /ˈveɪ.ɡɚ. iz/ unexpected events or changes that cannot be controlled and can influence a situation:
The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather. She had her own style and was not influenced by the vagaries of fashion.
clump
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v: kępa, grupa, gruda; ciężkie stąpanie / n: sadzić w kępach; ciężko stąpać
a group, especially of trees or flowers; a solid mass of something such as soil; the loud sound of slow, heavy steps:
a clump of grass/daffodils; He found a clump of hair on the floor; She picked up a clump of dirt for analysis.; She could hear his clump on the stairs.
infold / enfold
começar a aprender
objąć, obejmować
to closely hold or completely cover someone or something:
He enfolded her in his arms.
limb
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kończyna
Many people live with artificial limbs.
calamity
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klęska, katastrofa, nieszczęście
Failure in one test shouldn't be regarded as a calamity.
din
começar a aprender
hałas
This car is making so much din! the din of the traffic I had to shout to make myself heard above the din. The children were making a terrible din.
divinity
começar a aprender
boskość, bóstwo
He proved his divinity with many miracles. This is Odin, chief divinity of the entire Norse pantheon.
haste
/heɪst/
começar a aprender
pośpiech
Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies.
gable
/ˈɡeɪ.bəl/
começar a aprender
szczyt, ściana szczytowa
dispirited
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zdeprymowany, zniechęcony
not feeling much hope about a particular situation or problem:
The troops were dispirited and disorganized.
unrequited
/ˌʌn.rɪˈkwaɪ.tɪd/
começar a aprender
nie wynagrodzony, nieodwzajemniony
It's just another poem on the pain of unrequited love.
pus
começar a aprender
ropa (z zakażenia)
She removed the bandage to reveal a red swollen wound oozing pus.
pebble
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kamyk, otoczak
A pebble got into my shoe.
(up) to the hilt
começar a aprender
całkowicie (np. poprzeć kogoś), po uszy
Something that is done (up) to the hilt is done completely and without any limits:
The government is already borrowing up to the hilt. The other three judges were in raptures, however, praising Lee to the hilt.
rapture
/ˈræp.tʃər/
começar a aprender
uniesienie, zachwyt (nad czymś), upojenie (czymś)
extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement:
He listened to the music with an expression of pure rapture on his face. The prime minister's supporters greeted her speech with rapture.
on an even keel
começar a aprender
w równowadze
business English - continuing or operating without problems or sudden changes:
High oil prices are making it difficult to keep the economy and inflation on an even keel.
spear
/spɪər/
começar a aprender
włócznia, dzida, harpun
The dead deer was impaled on a spear.
to sack out
/sæk/
começar a aprender
iść do wyrka
to go to bed
It's late - I'm going to sack out.
sabbatical
/səˈbæt.ɪ.kəl/
começar a aprender
urlop naukowy
a period of time when college or university teachers are allowed to stop their usual work in order to study or travel, usually while continuing to be paid:
to take/have a sabbatical She's on sabbatical for six months. sabbatical leave
freight
/freɪt/
começar a aprender
fracht (koszt przewozu); ładunek, towar
the money paid for transporting goods; goods, but not passengers, that are carried from one place to another, by ship, aircraft, train, or truck, or the system of transporting these goods
What is the freight for this cargo?; He paid me a lot of money for this freight. The ship carries both freight and passengers. a freight company
replenishment
/rɪˈplen.ɪʃ.mənt/
começar a aprender
uzupełnienie, zaopatrzenie, dotowarowanie
the act of filling something up again by replacing what has been used:
Bone marrow plays an important role in the constant replenishment of red blood cells. A recent sand replenishment project widened the beach by hundreds of feet.
bone marrow
/bəʊn ˈmær.əʊ/
começar a aprender
szpik kostny
Bone marrow plays an important role in the constant replenishment of red blood cells.
stock-out
/ˈstɒk.aʊt/
começar a aprender
wyczerpanie zapasów
a situation in which there are no goods of a particular kind available for sale:
There were stockouts of the product at some locations over the summer holiday period. Can the retail industry really afford stockouts?
velocity
/vəˈlɒs.ə.ti/
começar a aprender
prędkość
the speed at which an object is travelling:
Light travels at the highest achievable velocity in the universe. He always used high velocity lead bullets in his rifle.
entail
começar a aprender
pociągać za sobą, wiązać się z czymś
to make something necessary, or to involve something:
Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk. [+ -ing verb ] Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money.
squint
/skwɪnt/
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zez, zezować; mrużyć oczy
to partly close your eyes in order to see more clearly:
Lili's left eye squinted slightly when she was tired.; The sun was shining straight in her eyes and made her squint.
hoist
/hɔɪst/
começar a aprender
wciągać, podnosić; dźwig, wyciąg; podnosic
to lift something heavy, sometimes using ropes or a machine: to increase something:
A helicopter hoisted the final section of the bridge into place.; The Bank of England hoisted its base rate to 3.75%.
importunate
/ɪmˈpɔː.tjə.nət/
começar a aprender
dokuczliwy, natarczywy, natrętny
repeatedly asking for something, in a forceful and annoying way:
an importunate beggar/crowd/demand
infantilise (infantilize)
/ɪnˈfæn.tɪ.laɪz/
começar a aprender
infantylizować
He argues that giving money to the poor infantilizes them and stops them from helping themselves.
endearment
/ɪnˈdɪə.mənt/
começar a aprender
pieszczota, czułe słowo, czułości, czułe słówka
a word or phrase that you use to show that you love someone:
terms of endearment such as "darling" or "sweetheart" Between kisses, he was murmuring endearments.
frenzied
/ˈfren.ziːd/
começar a aprender
oszalały, szaleńczy
uncontrolled and excited, sometimes violent:
The office was a scene of frenzied activity this morning. As the evening wore on the dancing got more and more frenzied.
comprise
/kəmˈpraɪz/
começar a aprender
zawierać, składać się z; tworzyć, składać się na
to have things or people as parts or members; to consist of: to be the parts or members of something; to make up something:
The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD. The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students. Visible light comprises only a minute fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our staff comprises many nationalities.
thoroughly
/ˈθʌr.ə.li/
começar a aprender
całkowicie, gruntownie, dokładnie
completely, very much:
I thoroughly enjoyed the performance. All the other teachers are thoroughly disillusioned with their colleague. I thoroughly approve of what the government is doing.
cede
/siːd/
começar a aprender
scedować, zrzekać się, oddawać, przekazywać coś komuś
to allow someone else to have or own something, especially unwillingly or because you are forced to do so:
Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War. She says that she is finally learning to delegate, though she's still reluctant to cede control. The United States has already ceded its dominance of mass production manufacturing to low-wage countries.
relinquish
/rɪˈlɪŋ.kwɪʃ/
começar a aprender
porzucić, rezygnować (z prawa do ...), oddać (władzę)
to give up something such as a responsibility or claim: to unwillingly stop holding or keeping something:
He has relinquished his claim to the throne. She relinquished control of the family investments to her son.; She relinquished her hold/grip on the steering wheel.
transient
/ˈtræn.zi.ənt/
começar a aprender
przemijający, przelotny, sezonowy; przejezdny
lasting for only a short time; temporary: someone who lives only temporarily in a place:
A glass of whisky has only a transient warming effect. The city has a large transient population (= many people who are living in it only temporarily).; It's an organization set up to provide money and help for transients.
insofar as
/ˌɪn.səˈfɑːr əz/
começar a aprender
o tyle, że; o tyle, o ile...
to the degree that
She had done her best to comfort him, insofar as she was able.
heed
começar a aprender
zwracać uwagę, uważać, baczyć; uwaga
to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning: to listen to and follow advice: attention or notice:
The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines. Perhaps they should have heeded their own advice. Voters are dissatisfied, and Congress should take heed (= consider this).
unearth
começar a aprender
wykopać, odkopać; wydobywać (na światło dzienne), ujawniać
to discover something in the ground: to discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching:
Artifacts more than 500 years old have been unearthed at the site. A private detective has unearthed some fresh evidence.
pasture
/ˈpɑːs.tʃər/
começar a aprender
pastwisko
The sheep were grazing on the lush green pastures. Some fields are planted with crops for several years, and then returned to pasture for the cattle.
to baffle
/ˈbæf.əl/
começar a aprender
zbić z tropu, wprawić w zakłopotanie, zaskoczyć, zaskakiwać, zmylić
to cause someone to be completely unable to understand or explain something:
She was completely baffled by his strange behaviour.
succumb
/səˈkʌm/
começar a aprender
ulec, poddawać się czemuś, ulec (pokusie); ulec (chorobie), umrzeć
to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat: to die or suffer badly from an illness:
The town finally succumbed last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than two months. I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.; Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months.
ensue
/ɪnˈsjuː/
começar a aprender
wynikać, wywiązać się (np. sprzeczka)
to happen after something else, especially as a result of it:
The police officer said that he had placed the man under arrest and that a scuffle had ensued. After his outburst, a long silence ensued.
any and all
começar a aprender
wszelki
any and all feedback or improvements will be welcome
beleaguered
/bɪˈliː.ɡəd/
começar a aprender
nękany kłopotami, pod obstrzałem krytyki; oblężony
having a lot of problems or difficulties or strong criticism: surrounded by an army:
The arrival of the fresh medical supplies was a welcome sight for the beleaguered doctors working in the refugee camps.; The occupants of the beleaguered city had no means of escape.
one and all
começar a aprender
wszyscy, każdy
everyone
The news of his resignation came as a surprise to one and all.
disparate
/ˈdɪs.pər.ət/
começar a aprender
różny, odmienny
different in every way:
The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other.
tantamount
/ˈtæn.tə.maʊnt/
começar a aprender
równoznaczny
being almost the same or having the same effect as something, usually something bad:
Her refusal to answer was tantamount to an admission of guilt. His request was tantamount to a demand.
tentacles
/ˈten.tə.kəl/
começar a aprender
macki, też macki (np. władzy), zasięg (czyichś wpływów)
a long, thin, arm of some sea animals, such as the octopus and jellyfish
The tentacles of this octopus are going to stretch a very long way.
shackles
/ˈʃæk.əlz/
começar a aprender
kajdany, pęta, więzy, okowy
a pair of metal rings connected by a chain and fastened to a person's wrists or the bottom of their legs to prevent them from escaping: something that prevents you from doing what you want to do:
The shackles had begun to cut into his ankles. The press, once heavily censored, has managed to shake off its shackles
figment
/ˈfɪɡ.mənt/
começar a aprender
wymysł, wytwór
a figment of someone's imagination something that seems real but is not:
Was it just a figment of my imagination or did I hear John's voice in the other room?
thicket
/ˈθɪk.ɪt/
começar a aprender
gąszcz, zarośla, gęstwina, gęstwa
an area of trees and bushes growing closely together
You will need a good machete to cut through this thicket. It is not easy to go through the thicket of bureaucracy.
elicit
/iˈlɪs.ɪt/
começar a aprender
uzyskiwać, zyskiwać (np. zapewnienie, obietnicę); wzbudzać, wywoływać, prowokować (np. uśmiech, śmiech)
to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction: to get a student to provide or remember a fact, response, etc. rather than telling them the answer:
Have you managed to elicit a response from them yet? The teacher elicits definitions from the students.
hallmark
/ˈhɔːl.mɑːk/
começar a aprender
cecha charakterystyczna, piętno, znamię; cecha, stempel probierczy
a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing: to put an official mark on an object made of gold or silver
Simplicity is a hallmark of this design. This explosion bears/has all the hallmarks of (= is likely to have been) a terrorist attack.
finch
/fɪntʃ/
começar a aprender
zięba
You can hear a finch often in that park.
millstone
começar a aprender
kamień młyński
This knowledge exposes a lack of trust in collaborating objects and acts as a millstone around your object’s neck
unequivocally
/ˌʌn.ɪˈkwɪv.ə.kəl.i/
começar a aprender
jednoznacznie, wyraźnie
in a way that is total, or expressed very clearly with no doubt:
She unequivocally denied the allegations. He unequivocally ruled out the possibility of military intervention.
reams of sth
/rimz/
começar a aprender
stos, sterta czegoś (b. dużo)
a very large amount of something:
They had reams of data to prove their point.
death knell for sth
/ˈdeθ ˌnel/
começar a aprender
ostatnia godzina, dzwony pogrzebowe (sygnał rychłego końca)
a warning of the end of something:
The opening of the superstore will sound/toll the death knell for (= cause the failure of) hundreds of small independent shops. Defeat of this bill sounds a death knell for consumer protection.
to span
começar a aprender
trwać; obejmować, sięgać; łączyć brzegi (most), rozciągać się (nad czymś)
Tennis has a history spanning several centuries. Her acting career spanned almost six decades. An old bridge spans the river just outside the town.
to fend off
começar a aprender
chronić (burtę), odeprzeć atak
to push or send away an attacker or other unwanted person: to avoid dealing with something that is unpleasant or difficult:
He managed to fend off his attackers with a stick. She spent the entire evening fending off unwanted admirers. Somehow she managed to fend off the awkward questions.
Subvert
/səbˈvɜːt/
começar a aprender
Obalać, znosić (rząd, system polit.),
to try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system:
The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government.
aficionado
/əˌfɪʃ.i.əˈnɑː.dəʊ/
começar a aprender
wielbiciel, miłośnik, amator
someone who is very interested in and enthusiastic about a particular subject:
a club for model railway aficionados an aficionado of French cinema
proponent
UK /prəˈpəʊ.nənt/ US /prəˈpoʊ.nənt/
começar a aprender
zwolennik, orędownik, rzecznik
a person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action:
He is one of the leading proponents of capital punishment.
unmoored
UK /ʌnˈmɔːd/ US /ʌnˈmʊrd/
começar a aprender
odcumowany, niepewny, zagubiony (o osobie)
(of a boat) no longer tied in place: having little confidence and being uncertain about how you should feel or behave, or what you should do:
The unmoored boat was drifting off to sea.; Paul is unmoored by his parents' divorce. Was he crazy or just temporarily unmoored by jealousy?
confer
começar a aprender
przyznawać (tytuł); naradzać się
to give an official title, honour, or advantage to someone: to exchange ideas on a particular subject, often in order to reach a decision on what action to take:
An honorary doctorate was conferred on him by Columbia University.; I need some time to confer with my lawyer.
to trump sth up
começar a aprender
wymyślać coś z palca, sfingować, spreparować
to accuse someone of something they have not done in order to have an excuse for punishing that person, to give or use false information so that someone will be accused of doing something wrong and punished:
The accusation, she said, was trumped up in order to get rid of her. The whole story was trumped up by our competitors.
intrepid
/ɪnˈtrep.ɪd/
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nieustraszony, dzielny
extremely brave and showing no fear of dangerous situations:
a team of intrepid explorers
reap the benefit, reward, etc.
/riːp/
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czerpać pełne korzyści; zbierać plony
to get something good as a result of your own actions:
She studied every evening and reaped the benefit at exam time. We sold them most of their modern weapons and now we are reaping the bitter harvest.
to heap abuse upon sth
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znęcać się nad czymś
Member spent nearly ten minutes trying to heap abuse on just one official in the Treasury
suspension
/səˈspen.ʃən/
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zawieszenie np. w samochodzie, ucznia w szkole, wstrzymanie wyroku, działania
The suspension is too tight to drive this car in the mountains. His lawyers have asked for a suspension.
sturdy
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o silnej budowie, wytrzymały, mocny, krzepki
physically strong and solid or thick, and therefore unlikely to break or be hurt: strong and determined:
sturdy walking boots, a sturdy table, sturdy little legs; They put up a sturdy defence of their proposal.
(bike) shock
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amortyzator
The shocks are busted. We'll need some time to fix them.
perilously
/ˈper.əl.əs.li/
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niebezpiecznie, ryzykownie
dangerously, or in a way that can cause problems:
She came perilously close to getting herself killed in her attempt to break the world record. Mr McCain sometimes looks perilously near to losing his temper.
progenitor
/prəʊˈdʒen.ɪ.tər/
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przodek; protoplasta; prekursor
the parent or direct ancestor of a person, animal, or plant: a person who first thinks of something and causes it to exist: something from which another thing develops or that causes something else to happen or exist:
A child has a male progenitor and a female progenitor. Marx was the progenitor of communism. The progenitor of rock'n'roll was rhythm and blues.
descendant
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potomek
I am the last descendant of the Mandarin.
whereby
UK /weəˈbaɪ/ US /werˈbaɪ/
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w wyniku czego, przy czym, na mocy czego
by which way or method: in which, or with which:
They've set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a two-year period. It's put me in a position whereby I can't afford to take a job.
jam
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zagłuszać (radio); improwizować (muz.), wpychać
Foreign radio broadcasts were regularly jammed. He jammed the boxes into the back of the car.
to take liberties with
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pozwalać sobie na zrobienie czegoś
Many businesses take liberties with personal information without having the clear legal right to do so
busted
/ˈbʌs.tɪd/
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złamany, aresztowany, przyłapany na gorącym uczynku
broken; caught or arrested by the police for doing something illegal: seen doing something wrong by someone:
He carried on playing guitar despite a busted finger. He was busted for marijuana possession ten years ago. Were you ever busted for smoking at school?
remnant
/ˈrem.nənt/
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pozostałość, resztka
a small piece or amount of something that is left from a larger original piece or amount:
the remnants of last night's meal remnants of the city's former glory a carpet remnant
intermingle
/ˌɪn.təˈmɪŋ.ɡəl/
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mieszać się, zlewać się
to become mixed together:
The flavours intermingle to produce a very unusual taste. Fact is intermingled with fiction throughout the book.
quirks
/kwɜːk/
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dziwactwa
an unusual habit or type of behavior, or something that is strange and unexpected:
a personality quirk It’s just one of the quirks of living there.
demotion
/dɪˈməʊ.ʃən/
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degradacja, obniżenie rangi
a reduction in rank or position:
The club were threatened with demotion to the Second Division. Government employees are worrying about demotions or being removed from their jobs altogether.
buildup
/ˈbɪldˌʌp/
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nagromadzenie; promocja
an increase in number or amount: praise that is intended to increase popularity:
They’re concerned about the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.; The circus always gets a big buildup when it comes to town.
reclining
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pochylony, opuszczony do pozycji półleżącej
(of a person) leaning or lying back with the upper part of the body in a nearly horizontal position: (of a chair) able to be moved so that the back is in a nearly horizontal position:
The figure in the painting is in a reclining pose. The bus has air conditioning and reclining seats.
gunsmith
/ˈɡʌn.smɪθ/
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rusznikarz (ktoś kto wyrabia broń palną)
a person who makes and repairs guns, especially small guns
detour
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objazd, zmiana kierunku (np. w czasie remontu)
a different route that is used because a road is closed: an occasion when someone does something that is different from what is usual or expected, or says something that is not part of the main subject that is being talked or written about:
Traffic detours will be kept to a minimum throughout the festival; His anti-alcohol campaign was a rare detour into the field of public health. Barring any surprise detours, the governor is expected to sign both proposals.
booby trap
/ˈbuː.bi ˌtræp/
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pułapka, mina pułapkowa, bomba pułapka; psikus (żart)
The bodyguard was killed while checking the president's car for booby traps. a booby-trap bomb They put a bucket of water on top of his door as a booby trap.
something dangerous, especially a bomb, that is hidden inside somewhere that looks safe:
devilish
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diabelski
evil or morally bad: morally bad but in an attractive way:
a devilish plot, a devilish grin
culprit
/ˈkʌl.prɪt/
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delikwent, winowajca, sprawca (przestępstwa); przyczyna
someone who has done something wrong: a fact or situation that is the reason for something bad happening:
Police hope the public will help them to find the culprits. Children in this country are getting much too fat, and sugar and sweets are the main culprits.
elusive
/iˈluː.sɪv/
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nieuchwytny, nieosiągalny,
difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember:
The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. Success, however, remained elusive for her. elusive memories
incur
/ɪnˈkɜːr/
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ponieść (straty), zaciągnąć (dług)
to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken:
to incur debts/fines/bills The play has incurred the wrath/anger of both audiences and critics. Please detail any costs/expenses incurred by you in attending the interview.
US somber / UK sombre
/ˈsɑːm.bɚ/ UK /ˈsɒm.bər/
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ponury, posępny, złowieszczy; ciemny, mroczny
serious, sad, and without humor or entertainment: dark and plain:
a somber atmosphere/voice/face The funeral was a somber occasion.; He wore a somber black suit.
instigate
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wszcząć, podjąć, przystępować do
to cause an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions or a formal process begin:
The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism. The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general.
sidestep
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unikać, omijać
to step to the side in order to avoid something, especially being hit: to avoid talking about a subject, especially by starting to talk about something else:
He sidestepped the blow/the tackle. The speaker sidestepped the question by saying that it would take him too long to answer it.
instigator
/ˈɪn.stɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/
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podżegacz
a person who causes something to happen, especially something bad:
The instigators of the disturbance have not yet been identified.
ascertain
/ˌæs.əˈteɪn/
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dowiadywać się; ustalać, upewniać się
to discover something: to make certain of something:
The police have so far been unable to ascertain the cause of the explosion. I ascertained that no one could overhear us before I told Otto the news.
reminiscent
/ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs.ənt/
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pamiętny, przypominający
making you remember a particular person, event, or thing:
That song is so reminiscent of my adolescence.
encompass
/ɪnˈkʌm.pəs/
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obejmować, otaczać
to include different types of things:
The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.
prevalent
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przeważający, powszechnie występujący, rozpowszechniony
existing very commonly or happening often:
These diseases are more prevalent among young children. Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.
Influx
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przypływ, napływ (np. gotówki)
the fact of a large number of people or things arriving at the same time:
Turkey is expecting an influx of several thousand refugees over the next few days.
affable
/ˈæf.ə.bəl/
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uprzejmy, przyjazny
friendly and easy to talk to:
He struck me as an affable sort of a man. She was quite affable at the meeting.
expedient
/ɪkˈspiː.di.ənt/
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korzystny; celowy, stosowny
helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable:
It might be expedient not to pay him until the work is finished. The management has taken a series of expedient measures to improve the company's financial situation.
preemptive
/ˌpriːˈemp.tɪv/
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zapobiegawczy, wyprzedzający
If something is pre-emptive, it is done before other people can act, especially to prevent them from doing something else:
pre-emptive action/measure/move; The Treasury has decided to raise interest rates as a pre-emptive measure against inflation. The prime minister authorized a pre-emptive air strike against the rebels.
breadth
/bredθ/
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szerokość, rozpiętość; rozległość
the distance from one side to another: the fact of including many different things, features, subjects, or qualities:
The length of this box is twice its breadth. The breadth of her knowledge is amazing.
get short shrift
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przejść niezauważonym; zostać szybko zbytym; nie poświęcić wiele uwagi
If you get or are given short shrift by someone, you are treated without sympathy and given little attention:
He'll get short shrift from me if he starts complaining about money again, now that I know how much he earns!
interleave
/ˌɪn.təˈliːv/
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przekładać
to put layers or flat pieces of something between layers or flat pieces of something else: to combine different things so that parts of one thing are put between parts of another thing:
They interleaved the pages with absorbent paper to dry them out. The film interleaves extracts from her father's autobiography with family interviews.
implied
/ɪmˈplaɪd/
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ukryty, pośredni, dorozumiany
if something is implied, it is understood to be true or to exist, although it is not stated directly or in a legal agreement:
an ~ agreement/contract Some judges are of the opinion that there must be an express or ~ agreement between the parties. ~ duty/obligation There is an ~ duty upon partners to exercise reasonable care in the performance of their duties.

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