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1. Operations começar a aprender		The activities involved in the production and delivery of goods or services using resources like labor, materials, and machinery.
2. Quality começar a aprender		The degree to which a product or service meets certain standards or satisfies customer expectations.
3. Cost começar a aprender		The total expenditure required to produce a product, including materials, labor, and overhead.
4. Dependability começar a aprender		The ability to deliver products or services reliably and consistently on time.
5. Flexibility começar a aprender		The ability to adapt to changes in volume, product variety, or delivery requirements.
6. Speed (Throughput) começar a aprender		The rate at which products are produced and delivered to customers.
7. Lead-time começar a aprender		The time between placing an order and receiving the product.
8. Time-to-market começar a aprender		The time taken to develop a product from concept to launch.
9. Procurement começar a aprender		The process of sourcing and purchasing goods and services from suppliers.
10. Supply chain começar a aprender		A network of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors involved in producing and delivering a product.
11. Logistics começar a aprender		The organization and implementation of transporting goods from one place to another.
12. Inventory começar a aprender		The raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods a company holds for future use or sale.
13. Feasibility começar a aprender		An assessment of how practical or achievable a project or plan is.
14. Vulnerability começar a aprender		The degree of risk or potential problems in a process or plan.
15. Standardization começar a aprender		Limiting variety by making uniform products or processes.
16. Commonality começar a aprender		The use of shared components or parts across different products.
17. Modularization começar a aprender		Designing products using separate interchangeable components.
18. Concept brief começar a aprender		A short document outlining the goals, features, and purpose of a new product idea.
19. Roll-out começar a aprender		The gradual introduction of a new product to the market.
20. First-tier supplier começar a aprender		A company that directly supplies products to the manufacturer.
21. Second-tier supplier começar a aprender		A company that supplies materials to the first-tier supplier.
22. Throughput começar a aprender		The amount of work or production completed in a given time.
23. Virtual operation começar a aprender		A business model where temporary teams or suppliers are used for a specific project.
24. Bill of materials começar a aprender		A list of raw materials, components, and instructions needed to manufacture a product.
25. E-procurement começar a aprender		Purchasing goods and services using digital platforms or the internet.
26. JIT (Just-in-time) começar a aprender		A production method that reduces inventory by receiving goods only as they are needed.
27. Lean operations começar a aprender		A management approach focused on reducing waste and improving efficiency.
28. Kaizen começar a aprender		A Japanese term meaning continuous improvement in all aspects of a business.
29. TQM (Total Quality Management) começar a aprender		A comprehensive approach where all employees work toward improving quality.
30. Six Sigma começar a aprender		A data-driven method for eliminating defects and improving quality, aiming for fewer than 3.4 defects per million items.
31. Capacity começar a aprender		The maximum output that a company can produce under normal conditions.
32. Control of inventory começar a aprender		Managing stock levels to ensure materials are available without overstocking.
33. Perpetual inventory system começar a aprender		A system that automatically tracks inventory in real-time.
34. Batch production começar a aprender		A production method where products are made in groups or batches.
35. Mass production começar a aprender		The large-scale manufacturing of standardized products.
36. Job production começar a aprender		A production method where a single product is made at a time, often customized.
37. Project production começar a aprender		A method used for complex, one-off products like construction or shipbuilding.
38. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) começar a aprender		A computerized system used in retail to process sales and update inventory.
39. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) começar a aprender		A technology used to identify and track items using radio waves.
40. Industrial robots começar a aprender		Automated machines used in manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks like welding, assembling, or painting.
41. RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification) começar a aprender		Tags used to track items through radio signals, improving inventory control and traceability.
42. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) começar a aprender		Systems used in retail that record sales and update stock levels in real-time.
43. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) começar a aprender		A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
44. Outsourcing começar a aprender		Hiring an external company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally done in-house.
45. Grants and subsidies começar a aprender		Financial aid provided by the government to support businesses.
46. Infrastructure começar a aprender		Basic physical systems like roads, railways, and utilities needed for business operations.
47. Proximity to suppliers/customers começar a aprender		The physical closeness to suppliers or customers, affecting logistics efficiency and service speed.
48. Environmental considerations começar a aprender		Concerns about how business activities affect the natural environment.
49. Screening começar a aprender		The process of evaluating if a product idea is good and fits company goals.
50. Preliminary design começar a aprender		Early version of a product design used for concept development.
51. Evaluation and improvement começar a aprender		Assessing and refining product ideas and processes.
52. Prototyping começar a aprender		Creating a sample version of a product to test its design and functionality.
53. Factory layout começar a aprender		The physical arrangement of machinery, equipment, and workers in a production facility.
54. Packaging issues começar a aprender		Considerations about how products are packed, including protection, cost, and branding.
55. Changeover time começar a aprender		The time required to switch from producing one product to another in manufacturing.
56. Set-up time começar a aprender		Time taken to prepare machines or equipment before production can begin.
57. Downtime começar a aprender		Periods when production is halted, often due to equipment failure or changeovers.
58. Work-in-progress (WIP) começar a aprender		Items that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet finished.
59. Job/batch/continuous/mass production começar a aprender		Different types of manufacturing processes depending on scale and customization.
60. Kanban começar a aprender		A lean method that uses visual signals (like cards or software) to control production and inventory.
61. Forecasting começar a aprender		Predicting future customer demand to plan production and inventory.
62. Capacity utilization começar a aprender		The percentage of a factory’s total potential output that is actually being used.
63. Overtime começar a aprender		Time worked beyond the regular working hours, often paid at a higher rate.
64. Subcontracting começar a aprender		Hiring another company to carry out part of the production process.
65. Inventory system começar a aprender		Methods and software used to monitor stock levels and reorder materials automatically.
66. Benchmarking começar a aprender		Comparing one’s business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other companies.

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