Paper III Part 4 The Sound of Silence

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questão resposta
a seminar
começar a aprender
tu: sit around a seminar table (seminarium)
the stock market
começar a aprender
(giełda papierów wartościowych)
a participant
começar a aprender
(uczestnik)
at the front of one’s mind
começar a aprender
(~gotowy, ~z rękawa)
intellectual property
começar a aprender
(własność intelektualna)
to be at risk
começar a aprender
(być zagrożonym)
so
(tak zwany)
começar a aprender
called
complexity
começar a aprender
(złożoność)
hubbub
começar a aprender
a loud noise, especially caused by a lot of people all talking at the same time; general excitement and activity (zgiełk, hałas, gwar)
to gazump
começar a aprender
tu: the fear of being intellectually gazumped; to refuse to sell a house that you own to someone you have agreed to sell it to, and to sell it instead to someone who offers to pay more for it (przebić ofertę)
to be in the driving / driver’s seat
começar a aprender
(być u władzy, u steru)
cagey
começar a aprender
unwilling to give information (ostrożny, nieufny)
to echo to the sound of sth
começar a aprender
(wybrzmiewać, wracać echem do dźwięku)
received wisdoms
começar a aprender
(otrzymane mądrości)
to recycle sth
começar a aprender
(ponownie przetwarzać, wykorzystać)
a reluctance (to do sth)
começar a aprender
(niechęć)
to link sth to sth
começar a aprender
(powiązywać coś z czymś)
policy
começar a aprender
(polityka)
government departments
começar a aprender
(rządowe resorty)
a think tank
começar a aprender
a group of experts brought together, usually by a government, to develop ideason a particular subject and to make suggestions for action (grupa ekspertów; organizacja pozarządowa zajmująca się badaniami i analizami dotyczącymi spraw publicznych)
on an individual level
começar a aprender
(z punktu widzenia jednostki)
to hoard sth
começar a aprender
(zbierać, gromadzić)
to make sense
começar a aprender
(być logicznym, mieć sens)
collectively
começar a aprender
as a group (wspólnie, razem)
to impoverish sth
começar a aprender
(pogarszać, niszczyć)
the detriment of sth
começar a aprender
harm or damage (szkoda, uszczerbek czemuś)
policymaking
começar a aprender
(tworzenie polityki, formułowanie zasad)
coyness
começar a aprender
behaviour in which someone intentionally tries to keep something secret (rezerwa); behaviour in which someone is or pretends to be shy, or like a child (fałszywa skromność)
to highlight sth
começar a aprender
(podkreślać, uwydatniać coś)
peculiar
começar a aprender
unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way (dziwny, osobliwy)
the essential problem
começar a aprender
(zasadniczy, podstawowy problem)
to glean sth
começar a aprender
to collect information in small amounts and often with difficulty (zdobywać, np. informacje, growadzić)
an originator
começar a aprender
(pomysłodawca, autor, np. myśli, pomysłu)
intact
começar a aprender
(nietknięty, nienaruszony)
ideas make bad commodities
começar a aprender
(pomysły są złym towarem)
pricing
começar a aprender
(wycena)
to capture sth
começar a aprender
(przejąć, zdobyć)
to lick one’s lips
começar a aprender
to feel pleasure at the thought of something (oblizywać się)
to take out sth
ever patent on an idea; (uzyskiwać coś)
começar a aprender
tu: one academic has just taken out the first
first
(pierwszy)
começar a aprender
ever
a patent on sth
começar a aprender
(patent na coś)
contractual
começar a aprender
relating to or contained within a contract (=legal agreement) (kontraktowy, wynikający z umowy)
guarded
começar a aprender
(ostrożny, pełen rezerwy)
on the face of it
começar a aprender
used when you are describing how a situation seems on the surface (na pierwszy rzut oka)
a miser
começar a aprender
tu: intellectual misers; someone who has a strong wish to have money and hates to spend it (skąpiec, sknera)
the argument that... flies
começar a aprender
(argument, że... ulatnia się, ulatuje)
in the face of sth
começar a aprender
despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem (w obliczu)
current developments
começar a aprender
(aktualny rozwój wypadków)
to democratise sth
começar a aprender
(demokratyzować coś)
at the heart of sth
começar a aprender
(w sercu, środku czegoś)
cyberspace
começar a aprender
(cyberprzestrzeń)
monastic
começar a aprender
tu: monastic silence (klasztorny, zakonny)
to be bombarded with sth
começar a aprender
(być bombardowanym, atakowanym werbalnie)
of limited value
começar a aprender
(o ograniczonej wartości)
to broadcast sth
começar a aprender
(rozgłaszać, np. w internecie; transmitować)
guff
começar a aprender
speech or writing that is nonsense (bzdury, nonsens)
all the more
começar a aprender
even more than before (tym bardziej)
generosity
começar a aprender
(hojność; wielkoduszność)
precious
começar a aprender
(bezcenne)
to elevate sth
começar a aprender
tu: it also elevates the role of trust; to make someone or something more important or to improve something (powiększać, np. rolę czegoś)
to pass sth on
começar a aprender
e. g an idea; (przekazywać coś dalej)
in print
começar a aprender
(w druku)
to tag sth
começar a aprender
to put a tag on something (oznaczyć etykietką, otagować w internecie); tagging (tagowanie)
to succumb to sth
começar a aprender
tu: succumbing to the temptation to pass it off as my own; to lose the determination to oppose something (ulegać czemuś)
to pass sth off as
começar a aprender
to pretend that something is a particularthing when it is not (podawać coś jako, podszywać się)
to reap sth
começar a aprender
e. g to reap the rewards for sth; to obtain or receive something as a result of your own actions (zbierać plony czegoś, wyniki czegoś)
intellectual labour
começar a aprender
(trud intelektualny)
the fear of theft
começar a aprender
(strach przed kradzieżą)
to come up with sth
começar a aprender
(wymyślić coś, wpaść na coś)
to store up sth
começar a aprender
(składować, magazynować coś)
online consultancy
começar a aprender
(doradztwo internetowe)
to run sth from home
começar a aprender
(kierować zdalnie, z domu)
to be recognised as
começar a aprender
(być uznanym, docenionym za)
sufficient
começar a aprender
(dostateczny, wystarczający)
incentive
começar a aprender
something that encourages a person to do something (bodziec, zachęta, motywacja)
to credit sth
começar a aprender
e.g. good ideas; to believe something that seems unlikely to be true (uznawać coś)
on board
começar a aprender
tu: to keep the best minds on board (zaangażowany, “na pokładzie”)
to foster sth
começar a aprender
to encourage the development orgrowth of ideas or feelings (wspierać coś)
unnecessarily
começar a aprender
(niepotrzebnie)
to be distrustful of sb
começar a aprender
(być nieufnym, podejrzliwym wobec kogoś)
to overvalue sth
começar a aprender
(przeceniać coś)
to exacerbate sth
começar a aprender
to make something that is already badeven worse (pogarszać, nasilać)
to stifle sth
começar a aprender
to prevent something from happening, being expressed, or continuing (tłumić, dusić)
to hinder sth
começar a aprender
to limit the development of something (hamować, utrudniać, powstrzymywać)
an over
a greater supply of something than is needed (nadmierna podaż, nadmiar)
começar a aprender
supply of sth
imaginative ideas
começar a aprender
(twórcze, oryginalne, kreatywne pomysły)
copious
começar a aprender
tu: copious information; in large amounts, or more than enough (obfity, obszerny)
productive
começar a aprender
(produktywny, wydajny)
unscrupulous
começar a aprender
willing to lie or cheat to succeed (nie przebierający w środkach)
to implement sth
começar a aprender
to start using a plan or system (wprowadzać, wdrażać coś)
to withhold sth
começar a aprender
tu: to withhold good ideas; to refuse to give something, or to keep back something (zatajać, zatrzymywać)

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