Lekcja 4

1. ​"He finds time to exercise every morning by going for a long jog before work." 2. ​"The committee had to exercise caution when making decisions that would affect the entire town."

​"The police promised a thorough investigation into the financial fraud allegations." ​"We conducted a thorough investigation of the market before launching our new product."

​"They decided to fly to Paris for the weekend on a whim." ​"I walked into the pet store and bought a goldfish on a whim." ​"She quit her steady job and started a bakery on a whim."

​"Even after receiving a large bonus, she remained a thrifty shopper, always looking for sales and avoiding unnecessary debt." Stingy/Cheap: Reluctant to spend money, even when necessary, often to the detriment of themselves or others (a vice).

Example (Verb): "She had to sacrifice her free time to study for the medical board exams." ​Example (Noun): "Their parents made great sacrifices so that the children could attend college."

Example: "She found comfort in the familial warmth of the small community." ​Example: "Familial relationships can sometimes be complicated by financial disagreements."

​"I didn't recognize the actor, so my answer on the trivia question was a complete shot in the dark." ​"Finding the faulty wire in this old network without the original diagram is basically a shot in the dark."

Political Context: The mayor was accused of cronyism after giving a lucrative city contract to one of his old school cronies ​Business Context: The CEO and his trusted cronies were the only ones who received bonuses after the company posted record losses

Example: "The island's benign climate makes it a popular place for retirees." ​Related Phrase: Benign neglect refers to a harmless or intentional lack of involvement.

​Economic: "The two major airlines were accused of colluding to artificially fix ticket prices and suppress competition. ​: "Investigators spent months looking for evidence that the staff had colluded with the defense team to tamper with key documents.

​"Taking a long lunch break is not against company policy, but it is generally frowned upon by management." ​"In that conservative culture, public displays of affection are severely frowned upon."

Succumb to (something) ​Example: "After weeks of dieting, he finally succumbed to the temptation of a slice of chocolate cake."

​"She was careful to use clear language so that the press wouldn't misconstrue her statement as an admission of guilt." ​"His silence during the meeting was misconstrued as agreement, which led to confusion later."

​"His well-meaning attempt to fix the computer only ended up deleting all the files. ​"The well-meaning neighbor offered constant, unsolicited advice on parenting. ​

"Using company resources for personal profit is considered impermissible and may result in termination." "Disruptive and disrespectful behavior is absolutely impermissible in the museum."

Key Synonyms: ​Out of favor ​In disgrace ​Disliked

​"The project timeline is now up to you to manage, so make sure it's realistic." (Assigning responsibility) ​"You can leave now or stay for the next meeting; it's completely up to you." (Granting permission/choice). ​Your call. ​The ball is in your court.

1. The confession was ruled inadmissible because the defense proved it was obtained under coercion. 2. The union claimed the company used financial coercion to make employees accept the unfavorable contract.

"The company's new policy provoked an immediate outcry from the workers." ​"The photograph provoked both tears and laughter from the audience." "The defendant claimed he was provoked into a violent reaction by their taunts."

"The defenders managed to repel the enemy's attack." The new tent material is designed to repel water." ​"The sheer cruelty of the dictator's actions truly repelled the public." ​"She repelled his rude advances with a sharp glare."

"The company set an audacious goal of designing the first fully self-driving car in five years." "He made an audacious demand for a raise just three weeks after starting the job."

"The thief's brazen disregard for the security cameras was astonishing." "She gave a brazen admission that she had never read the report."Synonyms: Impudent, audacious, shameless, blatant, insolent.

A bird was watching me from behind my window pane.

"After the meeting, the assistant ushered out the distinguished guests." "Security had to usher out the protester who interrupted the conference."

1. Unsolicited bid/offer 2. Unsolicited advice

​"The new company policy is akin to a severe pay cut, though it is framed as a benefit." ​"The excitement she felt after winning the championship was akin to pure euphoria." ​"His painting style is strikingly akin to that of the Impressionist masters."

1. ​The university hospital was built thanks to the largesse of an anonymous, wealthy benefactor. 2. ​After the company posted record profits, the employees benefited from the CEO's unexpected largesse in the form of substantial bonuses.

​"The trade union uses its immense clout to negotiate better wages for its members." (Political/Economic) ​"She parlayed her box-office clout into a lucrative production deal." (Business/Media)