Legal English

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questão resposta
wykonanie umowy - fulfilment of contractual obligations
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contract performance
egzekwowanie umów- legal procedures to ensure that parties fulfil their obligations
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enforcement of contracts
świadczenie czegoś - something of value which both parties to a contract agree to exchange
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consideration
obrażenia spowodowane niedbalstwem - harming a person as a result of lack of necessary care
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negligently caused injuries
odpowiedzialność własna - automatic responsibility as a result of owning or using something dangerous, such as explosives or dangerous animal
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strict liability
odpowiedzialność zastępcza (za osoby 3cie) - legal responsibility for the harm caused by another person
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vicarious liability
odpowiedzialność za produkty - legal responsibility of manufactures for harm caused by their goods
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products liability
bardzo niebezpieczne - so dangerous that strict liability will be imposed
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ultra-hazardous
utrapienie, niedogodność - an act which interferes with a person's right to use and enjoy their land
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nuisance
naruszenie prywatności - violation of somebody's right to be alone
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invasion of privacy
zniesławienie - damaging somebody's reputation through slender (oral) or libel (written)
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defamation
odszkodowanie - compensation for harm done, typically in money
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damages
przestępstwa przeciwko administracji publicznej - illegal acts such as bribery, escaping from prison or perjury
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crimes against public administration
zabójstwo - killing another person, including murder, causing accidental death and killing in self-defence
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homicide
dowód słowny - evidence or opinions quoted from a person not in court, which is admissible because the person cannot be cross-examinated
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hearsay
oskarżenie - the act of discrediting a witness by showing that their evidence is false
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impeachment
przesłuchanie krzyżowe - the opportunity to question in court a witness for the opposing party in a trial
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cross-examination
przywileje - the right not to disclose certain types of evidence, such as confidential client-lawyer discussions
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privileges
ograniczenia konstytucyjne i ustawowe - things which are prohibited either by the constitution or by statutes (laws)
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constitutional and statutory limitations
Przeszukanie i konfiskata - examination of a person's property and taking articles of evidence found during that examination
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Search and seizure
oświadczenia obciążające - admissions of guilt by a defendant
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incriminating statements
Elektroniczny nadzór - monitoring a person through e.g. closed-circuit TV cameras
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electronic surveillance
immunitety - exemptions from penalties or legal requirements
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immunities
opinie sądowe - decision taken by higher courts which create a new legal precedent
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judicial opinions
cytat prawny - a formal style of referring to legal documents
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legal citation
precedens - a legal case which established a principle of law that other courts follow in similar cases
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precedent
(UK) adwokat - pełna reprezentacja
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barrister
radca prawny
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solicitor
adwokat (USA)
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an attorney
prawo upadłościowe
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insolvency law
sprawy sporne
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contentions work
prawnik mający prawo reprezentowania
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a litigator
procesować się
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to litigate
stowarzyszenie adwokackie
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a bar association
egzamin adwokacki
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bar examination
sąd na niby
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a moot court
zakaz zbliżania
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order of protection
materialny/namacalne
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tangible
wniosek
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motion
pismo procesowe
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brief
pozwać
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to issue proceedings
prawo powiernicze
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equarty and trust
odpowiedzialność
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liability
uchwalić prawo
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to pass a law
ustawa
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a law
należyta staranność
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due diligence
projekt ustawy
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bill
zawarcie umowy
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contract formation
naprawić szkody
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to redress damage
prowokacja
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entrapment
przestępczość nieletnich
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juvenile crime/delinquency
składać zażalenie
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to lodge a complaint
zadośćuczynienie
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remedy - legal instrument which court can use to compensate the injured party
cesja
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assignment - transfer rights from the assignor to the assignee
cedent
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assignor - person who transfer his rights to the assignee
cesjonariusz
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assignee - a person who fest rights form assignor
kontr oferta
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counter-offer - the new offer to the first party which then may be accepted or rejected
specjalne zachowanie (ustalone przez sąd zachowanie - przymus wykonania kontraktu)
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specify performance - one of possible remedies, when court orders the breaching party to perform a contract
wiążący
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binding
rozróżniać
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distinguish
przyczyny wydania decyzji
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ratio decidendi
wchodzić w życie
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come into force
poprawki
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amendments (amendments TO the bill)
niejednoznaczny
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ambigous
opracowany
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drafted
polubownie
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amicably
złożyć zażalenie
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to lodge a complaint
klauzula poufności
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a non-disclosure
wypowiedzieć
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to terminate
mlodociana przestępczość
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juvenile crime/delinquency
hipoteka
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mortgage
dający hipotekę
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mortgagor
hipoteczny - biorący hipotekę
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mortgagee

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