Justinian ...5

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questão English resposta English
to add to sth so as to make it sufficient, supplement
Pol. uzupełniać x3
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eke sth out
history hardly remembers the insignificant predecessors and successors whose reigns eke out the remainder of the years
the part of something that is left after the other parts have gone, been used, or been taken away
Pol. pozostałość
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remainder
the remainder of the years
untouched or unimpaired, left complete or perfect
Pol. nienaruszony, nietknięty
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intact
the resources of the provinces beyond the Bosphorus were intact.
an accumulated store hidden away for future use
Pol. skarb, zgromadzony zapas
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hoard
the great hoard of treasure
to officially arrange for someone to have something that you own after your death
Pol. zapisać, pozostawić w spadku komuś coś x4
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bequeath sth to sb
the great hoard of treasure Anastasius had bequeathed to him.
Pol. egzekwowanie, ściąganie (of taxes)
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exaction
The exaction of arbitrary customs dues was noxious to trade
(of a government, ruler) despotic or dictatorial
Pol. samowolny, bezwzględny
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arbitrary
The exaction of arbitrary customs dues was noxious to trade
Pol. opłaty celne
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customs dues
The exaction of customs dues
harmful, corrupting
Pol. szkodliwy
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noxious
The exaction of arbitrary customs dues was noxious to trade
very bad, unpleasant, and shocking [= appalling]
Pol. godny ubolewania, opłakany, żałosny
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deplorable
The deplorable system of taxfarming
a system for collecting taxes and other state revenues from the population. Under this system, the state transfers the right of collection to private individuals called tax farmers in exchange for a certain fee
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tax farming
The deplorable system of taxfarming through middlemen was employed in many branches of the revenue.
someone who buys things in order to sell them to someone else, or who helps to arrange business deals for other people
Pol. pośrednik
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middleman
The deplorable system of taxfarming through middlemen was employed in many branches of the revenue.
money that the government receives from tax
Pol. dochód (z podatków)
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revenue
The deplorable system of taxfarming through middlemen was employed in many branches of the revenue.
Pol. właściciel ziemski
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landed proprietor
Landed proprietors were still mercilessly overtaxed
to give someone permission not to do or pay something
Pol. zwolnić kogoś z czegoś x4
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exempt sb from sth
they were exempt from military service
the people who live in a country
Pol. ludność, pospólstwo, gawiedź
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populace
they provided free corn for the populace of Constantinople
to illegally force someone to give you something, especially money, by threatening them
x4
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extort sth from sb
Pol. wymuszenie, zdzierstwo
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extortion
an ingenious extortioner
a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product, etc.
Pol. wada, mankament
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drawback
Yet in spite of all these drawbacks Justinian enjoyed an enormous and steady revenue.
very difficult and unpleasant, and never seeming to improve
Pol. beznadziejny
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grinding
The grinding taxation of Justinian's reign

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