EViU | Chapters: 86-101

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to be more important, useful, or valuable than something else
começar a aprender
to outweigh
explain: overhanging
começar a aprender
sticking out over something that is at a lower level (e.g. the overhanging branches of a tree)
explain: to overshadow
começar a aprender
1. to prevent light from shining directly on something, 2. to make someone or something seem less important compared to someone or something else
explain: understaffed
começar a aprender
lacking staff
explain: underhand (adj)
começar a aprender
secret and dishonest (= oszukańczy, podstępny)
explain: an upturn
começar a aprender
a change for the better / an increase in something such as business or economic activity (e.g. Last month saw an unexpected upturn in property prices.)
to quickly increase in number or amount
começar a aprender
to proliferate
explain: to commiserate
começar a aprender
to express sympathy to someone who is unhappy about something
explain: to congeal
começar a aprender
if a substance such as blood or fat congeals, it becomes thick and almost solid
to replace the buildings in an area with new ones
começar a aprender
to redevelop
a person of low rank and little authority who works for someone more important
começar a aprender
an underling (e.g. She surrounded herself with underlings who were too afraid of her to answer back.)
to talk about something in a way that makes it seem more important, impressive, or serious than it really is.
começar a aprender
to overstate
explain: undercarriage
começar a aprender
the wheels of a plane/car and the whole structure that supports it (= podwozie)
on the other side of the page
começar a aprender
overleaf (adverb), e.g. See overleaf for a list of abbreviations.
explain the -conscious suffix
começar a aprender
combines w/ nouns to form adjectives that describe people who consider one aspect of their lives esp. important (e.g. health-conscious person, safety-conscious company)
explain the -minded suffix
começar a aprender
combines with adjectives or nouns to form new adjectives describing people with particular characters, opinions or attitudes,.e. g like-minded, money-minded, etc.
explain the -ridden suffix
começar a aprender
used to describe people or things with a lot of that noun, e.g. guilt-ridden person, crime-ridden city
to become red
começar a aprender
to redden
explain: masterly (adjective)
começar a aprender
done extremely well (e.g. a masterly performance)
explain: a monograph
começar a aprender
a long article or a short book on a single subject that the writer has studied for a long time
explain: retroactive law
começar a aprender
taking effect from a date in the past
explain: a guesstimate
começar a aprender
an approximate calculation of the size or amount of something when you do not know all the facts
to return to an older and worse state
começar a aprender
to retrogress [formal]
to make a government, area, or political group lose power or control, or to make a political or economic situation less strong or safe, by causing changes and problems
começar a aprender
to destabilise
explain: a freeware
começar a aprender
computer programs that you can often copy from the internet and do not have to pay for
provide a formal word for vocabulary
começar a aprender
a lexicon
explain: a loanword = a borrowing
começar a aprender
a word taken from other languages
explain: a roster
começar a aprender
a list of people’s names that shows when each of them must work and what they have to do (= grafik, harmonogram)
something that is intended to impress and interest you but is really not at all useful
começar a aprender
a gimmick
a small bed with high sides that a baby sleeps in
começar a aprender
cot [BrE] / crib [AmE]
explain: a palaver
começar a aprender
a situation that causes you a lot of unnecessary trouble or work
a disease that mainly affects children in which the neck becomes swollen and painful
começar a aprender
a mumps (= świnka)
explain: false friends
começar a aprender
words that look like words in other languages but have a different meaning
explain: to intervene
começar a aprender
to become involved in a situation in order to try to stop or change it
explain: to interfere in sth
começar a aprender
to involve yourself in sth [negative and critical]
very frequently
começar a aprender
continually (often negative)
without stopping
começar a aprender
continuously
out of the sun, pleasant connotation
começar a aprender
in the shade of (e.g. a tree)
explain: in the shadow of sth/sb
começar a aprender
dominated by sb/sth
explain: to complement
começar a aprender
to make sth more complete or attractive in combination
slightly wet
começar a aprender
1. moist 2. damp (-> in an unpleasant way)
to move into a vertical position
começar a aprender
to upend
explain: to uphold
começar a aprender
to confirm/support
to do better than...
começar a aprender
to outdo
explain: to do out
começar a aprender
1. to make a room, cupboard, or drawer thoroughly tidy and clean, 2. to decorate a room
coś czy coś innego (ten czy inny)
começar a aprender
something or other
explain: dingy (adjective)
começar a aprender
a dingy place or object is rather dark in an unpleasant way and often looks dirty
the fact of having more than one meaning
começar a aprender
polysemy
the work that you do to keep your house clean and tidy
começar a aprender
housework (= prace domowe) | don't confuse with 'homework'
someone who only wants to be your friend when things are going well for you
começar a aprender
fair-weather friend
light in skin colour
começar a aprender
fair-skinned
what's the meaning of '5 minutes flat'?
começar a aprender
exactly 5 minutes
explain: be more than a match for someone
começar a aprender
to be better, stronger, cleverer etc than someone who you are competing against
a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part, used for lifting and moving heavy objects
começar a aprender
a crane (= dźwig, żuraw)
explain: five-a-side football
começar a aprender
po pięciu w drużynie
explain: formidable
começar a aprender
very impressive in size, power, or skill and therefore deserving respect and often difficult to deal with (e.g. The company has built up a formidable reputation for quality.)
przejdźmy do kolejnego punktu...
começar a aprender
let's move on to the next point
explain: to remember rightly
começar a aprender
to remember correctly/well
explain: appalling [adjective]
começar a aprender
shocking and very bad (e.g. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions.)
explain: dismal [adjective]
começar a aprender
sad and without hope / very bad
distasteful
começar a aprender
unpleasant and unacceptable OR tasting unpleasant (niesmaczny, wstrętny, obrzydliwy, np. żart albo film)
explain: fatuous (adjective, formal)
começar a aprender
stupid
explain: raise a family
começar a aprender
to take care of children while they are growing up (e.g. For most parents, raising a family is a positive challenge.)
a slow and non-energetic walk
começar a aprender
a leisurely walk
explain: doleful [adjective]
começar a aprender
looking sad
formal word for the things that belong to you [formal]
começar a aprender
personal effects
not good enough to achieve the intended result
começar a aprender
feeble (e.g. excuse, attempt/effort)
explain: bewildered
começar a aprender
confused and not certain what to do
explain: to sharpen your appetite (for sth)
começar a aprender
to increase your desire to have sth or know about sth
zepsuć apetyt
começar a aprender
spoil your appetite
make one's life brighter and happier
começar a aprender
to light up one's life
explain: to be on the ball
começar a aprender
to be very aware of things and ready to act
keep sb/sth on a tight rein
começar a aprender
to have a lot of control over sb/sth
to have an ability to notice something
começar a aprender
to have an eye for sth (e.g. She has a good eye for detail.)
explain: to have an ear for sth
começar a aprender
If someone has an ear for music or languages, they are good at hearing, repeating, and understanding these sounds
explain: to keep an eye on sb/sth
começar a aprender
watch sb/sth very carefully
what's a rule of thumb?
começar a aprender
a practical and approximate way of doing or measuring something (e.g. A good rule of thumb is that a portion of rice is two handfuls.)
what a bright/dim person means?
começar a aprender
a clever/less intelligent person
explain: to see the light
começar a aprender
If you see the light, you suddenly understand something you didn't understand before
explain: to cast light on sth
começar a aprender
to make it easier to understand
what does it mean to blow hot and cold?
começar a aprender
to be enthusiastic at one time and not at another
explain: hotheaded (adj)
começar a aprender
to react quickly on the basis of your feelings without thinking first
coldhearted
começar a aprender
without feelings
to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else
começar a aprender
to liken sb/sth to sb/sth
explain: to take sth on board
começar a aprender
to understand or accept an idea or a piece of information (e.g. Banks need to take on board the views of their customers.)
to accept someone or something without considering whether they really are what they claim to be
começar a aprender
to take (or accept) sb/sth at face value
go smoothly / with no difficulties
começar a aprender
go/run like clockwork
on the point of starting to work well
começar a aprender
to fall into place
if sth is looking up, it's...
começar a aprender
looking very positive
explain: that's all we need/needed!
começar a aprender
in response to news that makes current problems even worse
That's the last thing I wanted to hear!
começar a aprender
in response to news that fulfill your worst fears
What a pain!
começar a aprender
Used very generally, in response to any situation that causes you difficulty
what's a complete shambles?
começar a aprender
totally disorganised and chaotic
what does this mean: "it's a mystery to me how..."
começar a aprender
= it's sth I cannot understand
explain: to get your wires crossed
começar a aprender
When people get their wires crossed, they have a different understanding of the same situation
expression: "I'm not with you"
começar a aprender
= you've lost me there = what you've said has confused me
explain: be in element/made for
começar a aprender
to be ideally suited for
to be fed up to the back teeth (with sth)
começar a aprender
be extremely unhappy, disappointed
what does it mean 'be down in the dumps/down in the mouth'
começar a aprender
to be depressed
explain: 'to walk on air'
começar a aprender
to feel extremely excited or happy (e.g. After the delivery of her baby, she was walking on air.)
to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else
começar a aprender
to associate
extreme and severe and not likely to change
começar a aprender
hard-line [adj] (e.g. a hard-line politician or stance)
explain: a dog's life
começar a aprender
very unhappy and unpleasant life
to use information or your knowledge of something to help you do something
começar a aprender
to draw on sth (e.g. She had a wealth of experience to draw on.) = wykorzystywać informacje, sięgać do zasobów
explain: cowboy builder
começar a aprender
builders who are not careful or trustworthy
what does 'ratty' mean? [adjective][BrE][informal]
começar a aprender
in a bad mood, or easily annoyed
explain: fishy [adjective]
começar a aprender
1. not completely right, honest, or legal, 2. tasting or smelling like fish
_____ words, especially speech, are unkind because they are intended to hurt someone
começar a aprender
catty
improve knowledge of sth already learnt but partly forgotten
começar a aprender
to brush up on sth
to give an impression of being unfriendly
começar a aprender
to come across / come over as unfriendly
to rush into a decision
começar a aprender
to make a hasty decision
to propose a plan
começar a aprender
to put forward a plan
to happen successfully
começar a aprender
to come off
to travel to one place from another
começar a aprender
to come over from somewhere
to come over sb
começar a aprender
to influence sb to behave in a particular way
what does it mean to come under sth?
começar a aprender
experience sth [usually unpleasant]
to have to deal with (a problem or difficulty)
começar a aprender
to come up against sth (e.g. obstacles)
what does it mean to dwell on sth?
começar a aprender
to keep thinking about, usually sth unpleasant
to talk at length about sth
começar a aprender
to go on about sth
explain: to urge sb on
começar a aprender
to encourage someone to do or achieve something (e.g. The crowd was cheering and urging her on all through the race.)
to continue in a determined way
começar a aprender
to press on
to call sth off
começar a aprender
to cancel sth
to start doing sth with great energy
começar a aprender
to throw oneself into sth
to become familiar with somewhere new, such as a new house, job, or school, and to feel comfortable and happy there
começar a aprender
to settle in (e.g. Once we've settled in, we'll have you over for dinner.)
to put together (e.g. a report)
começar a aprender
to prepare by collecting info from several sources
explain: do away with sth
começar a aprender
to get rid of or destroy something (e.g. The governor is proposing to do away with the state transportation department.)
mind you [spoken]
começar a aprender
it's a discourse maker, used to bring attention to an important point
now then [spoken]
começar a aprender
discourse maker, used to get people's attention when you want to ask or tell them sth
short for umbrella
começar a aprender
brolly [informal]
kitty-corner
começar a aprender
diagonally opposite (= po przekątnej)
to take a left [AmE] - what's the BrE equivalent?
começar a aprender
to turn left
what's the interstate?
começar a aprender
it's a major motorway in the US connecting different states
AmE - an intersection; BrE -?
começar a aprender
a junction
to back up (a car) [AmE] - BrE?
começar a aprender
to reverse (a car)
freshman -> sophomore -> junior (provide BrE equivalents)
começar a aprender
first year -> second year -> third year (students)
to major in French [AmE] - provide BrE
começar a aprender
to do honours in French OR to do a French honours degree
elementary/high school [AmE] - provide BrE equivalents
começar a aprender
primary/secondary school [BrE]
to handle roughly, using force
começar a aprender
to manhandle
explain: foreman
começar a aprender
supervisor
explain: girlie/girly
começar a aprender
used to describe things that girls and young women often enjoy without men, esp. involving clothes/makeup, etc.
used to describe unpleasant behaviours thought to be typical of young men in a group, esp. drinking alcohol
começar a aprender
laddish
what does 'disused' mean?
começar a aprender
no longer being used (e.g. Many disused railway tracks are now used by cyclists.)
artificial in other words
começar a aprender
man-made
explain: to hit the headlines
começar a aprender
to suddenly receive a lot of attention in the news
what are tabloid newspapers?
começar a aprender
a type of popular newspaper with small pages that has many pictures and short, simple reports:
behaving in a wild or strange way, especially because of strong emotions or extreme pain
começar a aprender
crazed (e.g. He became crazed with anger/jealousy/pain.)
provide ways to describe people who cause trouble (nouns, informal)
começar a aprender
thug = yob = lout
to move in a destructive way
começar a aprender
to rip through (e.g. town)
the tube in the body that carries air that has been breathed in from the upper end of the throat to the lungs
começar a aprender
a windpipe (= tchawica)
explain: be curtains for [informal]
começar a aprender
used for saying that someone or something will die, end, or be in serious trouble (e.g. One more mistake and it’ll be curtains for him.)
feeling extremely shocked or upset after an unpleasant experience
começar a aprender
shell-shocked
explain: to attain
começar a aprender
1. to succeed in achieving something, especially after a lot of effort, 2. to reach a particular age, amount, or level
explain: to bestow [formal]
começar a aprender
to give something as an honour or present
w odniesieniu do czegoś
começar a aprender
by reference to sth
explain: adjoining
começar a aprender
next to (e.g. the garage adjoining your property)
the person who wrote this letter is the...
começar a aprender
undersigned
not fair, or not based on any good reason
começar a aprender
unjustified
what does it mean to rectify? [forma]
começar a aprender
to correct a problem or mistake, or to make a bad situation better
what does it mean to cease operations?
começar a aprender
to stop functioning (about a company)
the closest relative in other words is...
começar a aprender
the next of kin (= najbliższy krewny)
to acknowledge the receipt of sth
começar a aprender
to inform sb that you have received sth
asap in formal way
começar a aprender
at your earliest convenience
more of an explanation is needed in formal way
começar a aprender
further clarification is required

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