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questão		resposta
Time-varying covariates começar a aprender		variables that change for the same entity over time.
Time-invariant characteristics começar a aprender		Attributes that do not change over time within entities
Individual Specific Effects começar a aprender		unique characteristics associated with each cross-sectional unit in the dataset.
Observable factors começar a aprender		measurable variables that influence the dependent variable
Unobservable factors começar a aprender		hidden variables that affect the dependent variable
Fixed effects começar a aprender		Fixed effects capture unobserved variables that are constant over time but vary between entities.
Random Effects começar a aprender		effects that assume random variation between entities in intercepts and slopes.
Between Estimator começar a aprender		An estimator that uses the variation between individuals, ignoring the within-individual changes.
Within Estimator começar a aprender		Another term for fixed effects estimators; refers to estimating relationships using only within-individual variation.
Instrumental Variables começar a aprender		Variables that help control for endogeneity by being correlated with the endogenous explanatory variable but not with the error term.

Ekonometria ENG