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What are two reasons for using a layered structure?
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1. it prevents technology from different layers to affect each other. 2-reduces complexity
Discuss two possible disadvantages of a layerd structure.
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-doesent define any particular protocol, -exchange between two layers can require archtecture changes, -monolitic design can be more efficient
Explain the difference between PDU and SDU.
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PDU (protocol data units) is used to exchange informaton between layers, SDU(Service data unit) is the payload section in PDU
Describe the purpose of SAPs.
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application interface between the layers N+1 and N to exchange service primitives
advantages and disadvantages of OSI
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generic model, supports connectionless and conection oriented services, changes at one layer do not affect the others/// dis: very complex, duplication of services in different layers, purely a theorethical model
adv and disadvn of TCP/IP
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industry standard model, interoperable, scalable client=oriented architecture///// dis: not generic in nature but rather protocol dependend, not optimized for small networks, does not distinghuish phisical layers and data link layers
hamming code: how many bits can be detected and how manye can be corrected
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detected: double bit errors/// corrected: al single bit errors with log(m) extra bits
Finit State Machine (FSM)
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it is a mathematical model of computation, an abstract machine that can eb at exactly one out of finite state at any given time///
FSM key points
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key points: fixed set of states, one state at a time, a sequence of inputs is sent to the machine, every state has a set of transitions and every transition is associated with an input and pointing to a state

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