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questão		resposta
What are atoms? começar a aprender		Tiny particles that make up all elements and substances
What is the structure of an atom? começar a aprender		A central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells
Which particles are found in the nucleus? começar a aprender		Protons and neutrons
Where are electrons found? começar a aprender		In the shells around the nucleus
What is the relative mass of a proton & neutron? começar a aprender		1
What is the relative mass of an electron? começar a aprender		Very small (1/2000)
Why is an atom neutral? começar a aprender		Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons
What is an ion? começar a aprender		A charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons
What happens when an atom loses electrons? começar a aprender		It becomes a positive ion
What happens when an atom gains electrons? começar a aprender		It becomes a negative ion
What is the atomic number? começar a aprender		The number of protons in an atom
What does the atomic number tell you? começar a aprender		Which element it is
What is the mass number? começar a aprender		The total number of protons and neutrons
How do you calculate neutrons começar a aprender		Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
What are isotopes? começar a aprender		Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Why do isotopes have different masses? começar a aprender		Because they contain different numbers of neutrons
Why do isotopes react the same chemically? começar a aprender		Because they have the same number of electrons
What is relative atomic mass? começar a aprender		The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
How is relative atomic mass calculated? começar a aprender		Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass) / total abundance
What is an electron configuration? começar a aprender		The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus
Why are full outer shells important? começar a aprender		Atoms are more stable when their outer shell is full
Why are noble gases unreactive? começar a aprender		They already have full outer electron shells
What ion does sodium form? começar a aprender		Na+ because it loses 1 electron
What ion does fluorine form? começar a aprender		F- because it gains 1 electron
What ion does calcium form? começar a aprender		Ca2+ because it loses 2 electrons

Chemistry - Atomic structure

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