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questão		resposta
Good that are carried by ship, train or aircraft começar a aprender		freight
A product used in the home começar a aprender		household product
Pieces of electrical equipment used in people’s homes começar a aprender		appliances
clothing começar a aprender		apparel
drinks começar a aprender		beverages
Rooms, equipment or services that are provided for a particular purpose começar a aprender		facilities
Another term for ‘property’ começar a aprender		real estate
The business of buying and selling shares começar a aprender		brokerage
Public services used by everyone começar a aprender		utilities
Good that are needed and used all the time começar a aprender		consumer staples
Good that are not basic to people’s lives começar a aprender		consumer discretionary
the transformation of raw materials into finished goods começar a aprender		Manufacturing or fabrication
manufactures goods that are not destroyed by use, such as automobiles, household appliances or furniture começar a aprender		Consumer durables
generally last for only a short time. Common examples are food and beverages, apparel, office stationery and gasoline começar a aprender		Non — durable goods
Sometimes a manufacturing company positions itself as a service company. Microsoft, IBM and SAP are good examples. They offer not just products, but começar a aprender		business solutions
elected by the shareholders and is responsible to them. It can hire and fire the CEO começar a aprender		The Board
run the company on a day — to — day basis. começar a aprender		senior management team
is a new business activity, and it collocated with the word ‘capital’ to mean money available to expand a successful start — up começar a aprender		venture
is either a company, or any large important project. Used without the article it collocated with ‘free’ and ‘private’ to give to give a synonym for ‘capitalism.’ começar a aprender		enterprise
is simply money that somebody owes começar a aprender		debt
refers to an amount of money that a company owes, but it can also mean legal responsibility for paying for something. começar a aprender		liability
Many people work for themselves, with the legal status of sole trader. If they are a plumber or a shop — keeper começar a aprender		self — employed
If they are a professional who works for several companies (e.g. a journalist or independent consultant) começar a aprender		freelancer
can just be a synonym for ‘company.’ But it is more often used for a small company providing a professional service, such as a partnership of accountants, lawyers, or architects. começar a aprender		firm
is when two companies join to form one. The suggestion is that the process is welcomes by both sides. começar a aprender		merger
is when one company buys another. The process could be unwelcome by the smaller company, who might feel that they are being taken over. começar a aprender		acquisition
red tape começar a aprender		bureaucracy
A technical word for taxes on imported goods começar a aprender		tariffs
A word for limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported começar a aprender		quotas
kurs wymiany walut começar a aprender		exchange rates
aktywa, majątek começar a aprender		assets
company owned by another company começar a aprender		subsidiary
money paid by a government to support a business começar a aprender		subsidy
it brings benefits such as the creation of jobs, skills development and technology transfer. começar a aprender		inward investment
Low labour and manufacturing costs are a major ... in the global market. começar a aprender		competitive advantage
umowa kontraktowa começar a aprender		contractual agreement
make it easy for managers to stay in touch with colleagues and Head Office começar a aprender		Mobile communications
nadwyżka handlowa começar a aprender		trade surplus
partner handlowy começar a aprender		trading partners
A specific problem that causes delays to a whole process começar a aprender		bottleneck
The amount of work that can be dealt with in a particular time period começar a aprender		throughput
Actual output divided by potential output começar a aprender		capacity utilization
A product that serves its intended function, without any extra features começar a aprender		fit-for-purpose
If a product has good quality in relationship to its price começar a aprender		good value-for-money
The characteristic of ‘always working well’ começar a aprender		reliability
The characteristic of 'lasting a long time' começar a aprender		durability
A fault in the way something is made começar a aprender		defect
introducing materials to an operation so it can begin. começar a aprender		Loading
authorizing a task to begin. começar a aprender		Dispatching
bringing together customer demand with operational issues of volume, timing, materials, etc. começar a aprender		Planning
checking progress and solving problems. começar a aprender		Monitoring
deciding when tasks should start and finish. começar a aprender		Scheduling
deciding which workstation will carry out which task in which order. começar a aprender		Sequencing
work — in — progress começar a aprender		WIP
there is a network of complex, capital — intensive machinery through which WIP flows without interruption começar a aprender		continuous process
there is an assembly line where WIP moves along the line past workstations carrying out fixed operations começar a aprender		mass process
machinery and equipment are located in ‘cells’ around the plant, and WIP moves in groups to different cells; in each cell a variety of specialized operations can be carried out começar a aprender		batch process
there is a fixed position layout where the WIP does not move; instead operations are scheduled in sequence on it começar a aprender		job production
the WIP is often off — site, or at the customer's own premises começar a aprender		large — scale project
when equipment (or the whole line) stops working and production is lost. começar a aprender		Downtime
time between one job / batch finishing and the next beginning (includes time taken to prepare machinery for the new process). começar a aprender		Changeover time
time required from receiving a customer order to final delivery; it includes order processing, pre — pack time, in — transit time, receiving and inspection. começar a aprender		Lead time
time taken for a given job / batch to pass through operations needed. começar a aprender		Cycle time
extra hours that someone works, beyond their contractual obligation (and often paid at a higher rate). começar a aprender		Overtime
time taken to prepare machinery and equipment for a new job / batch. começar a aprender		Set — up time
time required from the initial concept for a new product to when it first goes on sale. começar a aprender		Time — to — market
any period of delay between one event and another (e.g. between giving an instruction and the operation beginning). começar a aprender		Lag time

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