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Biodiversity começar a aprender		Diversity of life; the number, variety, and variation of genes, species and ecosystems on Earth.
Organism começar a aprender		An individual life form
Species começar a aprender		A group of individuals belonging to the same lowest taxonomic unit, capable of breeding and producing fertile offspring
Ecosystem começar a aprender		Communities of organisms interacting with their physical and biological environment
Habitat começar a aprender		A specific location with a particular set of biotic and abiotic conditions; where an organism generally lives
Species diversity começar a aprender		A measure of the number and abundance of species in a community
Adaptation começar a aprender		A feature of an organism that enhances its ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Abiotic factors começar a aprender		Non-living physical factors that influence organisms and ecosystems
Biotic factors começar a aprender		The living components in the environment that influence organisms and ecosystems
Ecosystem Diversity começar a aprender		A measure of the variety of different habitats, communities and ecological processes within a geographical location
Species richness começar a aprender		A measure of the numbers of species present and the evenness of species in relation to one another
Species evenness começar a aprender		The difference in the distribution of the total abundance between the species in a community
Community começar a aprender		All the species that occupy a particular place at a given time
Percentage cover começar a aprender		The percentage of a sample area covered by a target species
Percentage frequency começar a aprender		A measure of how often a species occurs in samples
Quadrat começar a aprender		A square frame used to isolate a standard unit of area so the distribution of a plant or animal can be studied
Population começar a aprender		The number of individuals of a species living in a particular place at a particular time
Relative Abundance começar a aprender		A measure of how common or rare a species is in relation to other species within a community
Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI) começar a aprender		A measure of diversity that takes into account both species richness and evenness (0 to 1 - closer to 1 means more diverse)
Predator começar a aprender		An organism that hunts, kills and eats another organism
Prey começar a aprender		An organism hunted and killed by a predator
Intraspecific competition começar a aprender		Competition between two or more individuals of the same species for resources
Interspecific competition começar a aprender		Competition between two or more individuals of different species for resources
Competition começar a aprender		Rivalry between individuals, of the same or different species, for a limited resource
Symbiosis começar a aprender		A relationship in which two organisms live in close association over a long period of time
Symbiont começar a aprender		An organism living in a symbiotic relationship with another organism
Disease começar a aprender		A condition that negatively affects the function of an individual that isn't caused directly by injury
Population density começar a aprender		A measure of the number of individuals living in a determined unit of area
Mortality começar a aprender		The ratio of total deaths to the total population of a species
Tolerance range começar a aprender		The range of a particular abiotic factor within which an organism can survive
Substrate começar a aprender		A surface on which an organism can grow
Distribution começar a aprender		Regions in which a species is found
Abundance começar a aprender		The number of individuals of a particular species in a specific area at a given time
Evenly spaced distribution começar a aprender		A type of distribution where individuals are more or less equally spaced throughout an area
Random distribution começar a aprender		A type of distribution where individuals are spaced randomly in no distinguishable pattern throughout an area
Clumped distribution começar a aprender		A type of distribution where individuals are found clustered in groups in particular parts of an area
Salinity começar a aprender		The dissolved salt content of water
Brackish começar a aprender		Slightly salty water; often found where seawater and freshwater mix
Osmosis começar a aprender		The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane
Asexual reproduction começar a aprender		The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Sexual reproduction começar a aprender		The production of offspring that has genetic material from two parents
Cladistics começar a aprender		A method of grouping organisms that uses evolutionary lines of descent rather than structural similarities
Clade começar a aprender		A group of organisms that are believed to comprise a common ancestor and all of its evolutionary descendants
Linnaean classification começar a aprender		A hierarchical classification system based on physical characteristics
Hierarchical taxa começar a aprender		Groups of organisms classified into a taxon and arranged in order of rank
Clones começar a aprender		Offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
r - strategists começar a aprender		A species that occupy unstable environments and uses the evolutionary strategy of maintaining high growth rates, occupying less-crowded ecological niches and producing many offspring
K - strategists começar a aprender		A species whose population fluctuates at or near the carrying capacity (K) or the environment in which it resides
Bioinformatics começar a aprender		Collection and analysis of DNA using computers
Molecular sequencing começar a aprender		The comparison of genetic information between organisms to determine evolutionary relatedness
Phylogenetic tree começar a aprender		A diagram that represents evolutionary relatedness between organisms
DNA sequencing começar a aprender		The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule
Evolutionary Relatedness começar a aprender		How closely two species are related by a common ancestor; species sharing more recent common ancestors are more closely related than those with less recent common ancestors
Common ancestor começar a aprender		The most recent species from which two or more organisms are descended; an ancestor that two species have in common
Cladogram começar a aprender		A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relatedness of a number of species
DNA sequence começar a aprender		The order of nucleotide bases that make up a section of DNA
Mutation começar a aprender		A small permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism
Genome começar a aprender		The complete set of genetic information of an organism
Bifurcation começar a aprender		The division of a species into two species through divergent evolution
Hybrid começar a aprender		The offspring of parents of different species
Classification começar a aprender		The arrangement of living organisms or ecosystems into groups sharing similar characteristics
Climate começar a aprender		Long-term average weather patterns specific to a geographical area
Terrestrial começar a aprender		Relating to land, as opposed to aquatic (refers to water)
Stratified sampling começar a aprender		The division of the physical environment into smaller components for sampling
Zonation começar a aprender		The breaking of the biome into habitat zones
Transect começar a aprender		A measured length or strip of terrain in an environment along which individual organisms or environmental parameters are measured and recorded
Unbiased data começar a aprender		Data collected without influence or preference or prejudice of an external source
Error começar a aprender		The difference between an observed value and a true value results in the inaccuracy of results
Line intercept começar a aprender		A sampling technique used to estimate relative densities of a species by counting the number of individuals that lie on a straight line cutting through the community
Belt transect começar a aprender		An elongated area of known length and width through a particular environment in which specific community parameters are measured and recorded
Succession começar a aprender		The process of the diversity and populations of a community changing over time
Randomised Sampling começar a aprender		A method of selecting a sample from a total array in such a way that every possible sample that could be selected has an equal chance of being selected
Mitochondria começar a aprender		An organelle found in most living cells that facilitates energy production known as cellular respiration
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) começar a aprender		A biological molecule used by living cells for energy
Cellular respiration começar a aprender		A metabolic reaction occurring in most living cells that release energy for movement, growth and other biological functions
Energy transfer começar a aprender		The movement of energy from one object or system to another (a chimp pushes another chimp)
Energy transformation começar a aprender		The change from one form of energy into another (light into chemical energy)
Trophic level começar a aprender		A hierarchical level in an ecosystem containing organisms that have the same feeding function in the food chain
Autotroph começar a aprender		Also called a producer; an organism that can produce its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical energy or light energy from the sun
Photosynthesis começar a aprender		Conversion of light energy into chemical energy by photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton or plants
Food chain começar a aprender		A flowchart showing feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic começar a aprender		Relating to the consumption of food and nutrients
Consumer começar a aprender		An organism that cannot produce its own food so needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy
Food web começar a aprender		A flowchart showing complex feeding relationships between several interlinking food chains
Organic começar a aprender		Relating to living matter
Inorganic começar a aprender		Relating to molecules or structures that aren't part of a living organism
Carbon começar a aprender		An element essential for many structures and processes in living organisms
Nitrogen começar a aprender		An element required to produce many biological molecules, particularly in plants
Water começar a aprender		A molecule essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms
Metabolic reaction começar a aprender		A chemical reaction that helps to maintain the biological function of an organism
Carbon Sink começar a aprender		A large area of vegetation, water or another naturally forming environment able to absorb and store atmospheric carbon dioxide
Nitrogen Fixation começar a aprender		Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate by bacteria and cyanobacteria
Ecological niche começar a aprender		The role and position of a species in its environment; interactions of a species with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment
Fundamental niche começar a aprender		The range of environmental factors a species can occupy without consideration for population limiting factors
Realised niche começar a aprender		The part of a fundamental niche a species occupies due to population limiting factors
Competitive exclusion começar a aprender		The exclusion of a species from a community by another organism better adapted to that particular ecological niche
Keystone species começar a aprender		A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the community in which it lives
Interspecific relationship começar a aprender		A relationship or interaction between different species within a community
Carrying capacity começar a aprender		The number of individuals of a species able to be supported by its habitat
Population limiting factor começar a aprender		Any biotic/abiotic factor that limits the continued growth of a population of a species
Exponential growth começar a aprender		Reproductive rate is maintained and the population continues to grow limited by resources
Immigration começar a aprender		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species into a community
Emigration começar a aprender		The permanent movement of an individual or population of a species out of a community
Population change formula começar a aprender		(Births (B) - deaths (D))+ (Immigration (I) - Emigration (E))
Lincoln Index começar a aprender		The Lincoln Index allows conservationists to estimate population sizes of individual animal species. Individuals are captured, marked, released back into the population and recaptured.
Primary succession começar a aprender		Development and change in plant communities over time, eventually leading from bare ground to a climax community
Secondary succession começar a aprender		Successive, natural changes in plant communities in an area where a previous community has been removed
Pioneer species começar a aprender		The first species to colonise an area during primary succession
Climax community começar a aprender		A more or less stable plant community
Pioneer community começar a aprender		A new community forming on a previously barren landscape, composed of pioneer species
Sere começar a aprender		An intermediate community observed during ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards climax community
Ecological disturbance começar a aprender		A temporary change in an ecosystem that causes a significant change in the behaviour, growth and survival of organisms
Symbiotic relationship começar a aprender		An evolved interaction or close living relationship between organisms from different species, usually with benefits to one or both of the individuals involved

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