ANGOL 2 TEST 2

bronchiole

one of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes

larynx

the enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords

diaphragm

the dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration

lung

a cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax

alveolus(alveoli)

the tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood during respiration

nares

the external openings of the nose

glottis

the opening between the vocal cords

pleura

a double-layered membrane that covers the lungs (visceral) and lines the thoracic cavity (parietal)

trachea

the air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi

ribs

long curved bones which surround the chest, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity

epiglottis

leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

lobes

a structural unit of the lung

nose

the organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell

bronchus(bronchi)

one of the larger passageways in the lungs that begins as two branches of the trachea and then subdivide within the lungs

pharynx

a common passageway for food entering the oesophagus and air entering the larynx

nasal cavity

Jama nosowa

oral cavity

jama ustna

bifurcation of the trachea

rozdowjenie tchaiwcy

air sacs

woreczki powietrzne

voice box

kratn

windpipe

tchawica

first/firstly/initially

first/firstly/initially

then/next/after that/when

then/next/after that/when

while/during

while/during

finally/lastly/at the end

finally/lastly/at the end

nosocomial

acquired in a hospital or other health-care facility

congenital

present at birth

idiopathic

an illness of unknown cause

comunicable/contagious

that can be transmitted from person to person

infectious

casued by an infection with pathogens

hereditary

inherited from one's parents

chronic

persistent or long-lasting in nature

neoplastic

caused by neoplasm

community-acquired

contracted outside of a health care setting or an infection present on admission

occupational

connecting with a working environment

zootic

transmitted from animals to humans

nutritional

caused by a lack of essential nutrients in the diet

inflammatory

caused by inflammation

degenerative

progressing over time

childhood

usually developing in children

geriatric

connected with senility(old age)

allergic

connected with hypersensitivity to certain trigger factors

fatal/incurable

leading to death/impossible to be cured

metabolic

chemical conversion disease affecting the body's biochemical processes

vrial/bacterial/fungal/parasitic

caused by viruses/bacteria/fungi/parasites

pneumonia

lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid a serious lung infection

bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane in the bronchial tubes. It typically causes bronchospasm and coughing.

asthma

a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.

sinusitis

inflammation of a nasal sinus.

tuberculosis

an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules (tubercles) in the tissues, especially the lungs.

pneumoconiosis

a disease of the lungs due to inhalation of dust, characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis

cystic frbrosis

disorder affecting the glands. It causes the production of abnormally thick mucus, leading to the blockage of the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi and often resulting in respiratory infection.

emphysema

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx, typically resulting in huskiness or loss of the voice, harsh breathing, and a painful cough

snotty

zasmarkany

tissue

chusteczka

puffy

podpuchnięte

rhinitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, caused by a virus infection (e.g., the common cold) or by an allergic reaction (e.g., hay fever)./////KATAR!

snot

smark

i cough up some rusty spit

to jest ciekawe ale chyba kaszle jakas rdzawa wydzielnia /odluwam odplucine

hoarse

ochrypły

chills

dreszcze

hacking

suchy

loose

luźy

yellowish spit

żółtawa ślina

tightness in my chest

ucisk w klatce piersiowej

tickling

łaskotanie

rattling

porywisty/porwisty/turkotliwy

feverish

zagoraczkowany

patchy

niejednolity, plamisty

swallow

Łyk/gardziel/polknac przełknac

tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils.

barrel

beczka

nasal congestion

stuffy nose

nasal discharge

sneezles/snots

swollen

puffy

low grade fever

chills

with high grade fever

febrile/feverish

rhinorrhoea coryza

runny nose

zawroty głowy (zawroty głowy) feel dizzy

vertigo (lightheadedness

productive

wet loose

wypluć, cough up

expectorate

duszności gasping for air

dyspnoea

charczenie whistling

wheeze

wdychać breath in

inhale

anorektyczny off food

anorectic

przeziębienie the sneezles

a common cold

pluć

spit

plwocina, flegma, spit

sputum, phlegm, spit

poplamiona, patchy

blotchy, patches

pastylka do ssania

lozenge

płytki

shallow

tachypnoea

rapid

on exertion

on/after physical activity

wydzielać breath out

exhale

orthopn(o)eic breathing

lean forward to breathe

cyanotic

grayish

likewise

również/podobdnie

stave off

zażegnać

rusty sputum

zardzewiała plwocina

sprain

zwichnac

expand the chest cavity

rozciagnac klatke piersiowa

congested nose

zatkany nos

contagious

zaraźliwy

marrow

the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones and which takes part in the production of blood cells

trachea

the membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi

whiplash

an injury to the cervical spine caused by an abrupt jerking motion of head, either backward or forward

pleura

the thin transparnet serous membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the walls of the thoracic cavity

antipyretic

any medicine that lowers body temperature to prevent or alleviate fever

suture

an immovable joint (especially between yhe bones of the skull)

analgesics

a drug used to eliminate pain' a painkiller

wheezing

a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing

ligament

a sheet or band of though fibrous tissue that connects two bones or holds an organ of the body in place

congenital

a disease present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development

cranium

skull

clavicle

collarbone

humerus

upper arm bone

radius

lower arm bone on the thumb side

ulna

lower arm bone(little finger side)

carpals

wrist bones

metacarpals

hand bones

phalanges

finger bones

scapula

shoulder bone

sternum

breastbone

tarsals

ankle bones

meatatarsals

foot bones

fibula

smaller of the lower leg bones

tibia

larger of the lower leg bones

patella

kneecap

sacrum

lower part of the backbone near the hip

coccyx

tailbone

pelvis

hip bone

femur

tigh bone

ribs

bones surrounding the chest cavity

myelodysplasia

abnormal growth of bone marrow cells

intervertebral

pertaining to between the backbones

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone marrow

arthroscopy

visual examination of a joint

costochondritis

inflammation of cartilage attached to ribs

chondroma

benign tumor of cartilage tissue

tenorrhaphy

suture of a tendon

myosarcoma

malignant tumor of muscle tissue

craniotomy

incision of the skull

gouty arthritis

high levels of uric acid with inflammation of joints

carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve in the wrist

rheumatiod arthritis

chronic inflammation of joints, especially small bones in the hands and feet

osteoporosis

decrease in bone density with thinning and weakening of bone

ankylosing spondylitis

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints between yhe backbones

muscular dystrophy

weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers; congenital condition

compact bone

zwarta kość

diaphysis

the shaft or central part of a long bone./trzon kosci

distal epiphysis

czesc dystalna kosci

growth lines

linie wzrostu na kosci

medullary cavity

jama szpikowa

periosteum

okostna

proximal epiphysis

proximal epiphysis

spongy bone

kosc gabczasta

yellow marrow

szpik zołty

bursa

fluid-filled sac near a joint

periosteum

membrane that covers a bone

phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

ilium

upper portion of the pelvic bone

zygomatic

facial bone

patella

kneecap

symphysis

spojenie/slightly movable joint

osteoclasts

cells that break down bone

metaphysis

growth region of a long bone

resorption

breakdown and removal of bone tissue

polyatricular

pertaining to many joints(related to)

hemarthrosis

bleeding into a joint cavity

ankylosis

immobility of a joint

myelopoiesis

formation of bone marrow

osteoporosis

loss of bone mass

rachiocentesis

spinal tap

spondylolisthesis

displacement of a vertebra

osteitis

inflammation of bone

comminuted

fracture in which bone is splintered or crushed

gout

metabolic disorder that affects joints

coxalgia

pain in the hip

scoliosis

sideways curvature of the spine

intraosseous

within bone

lordosis

exaggerated lumbar curve of the spine

achondroplasia

abnornal growth of cartilage

ostealgia

bol kosci

arthralgia/arthrodynia

bol stawów

sequestrum

martwiak

avulsion

oderwanie czesci kosci przez sciegno

subluxation

podwichniecie/nadchiwniciecie

lordosis/swayback

przednie wygiecie kresgosłupa

rheumatoid arthritis

reumatooooo zappp stawów

chondromalacia

rozmiękanie chrzatski

osteomalacia

rozmiekanie kosci

osteosklerosis

stwardnienie kosci

myeloma

szpiczak

kyphosis/hunchback

tylne wygiecie kregosłupa

immobilization

unieruchomienie

usztywnienie stawów

ankylosis

wyrosle kostne

exostosis

zapalenie błony maziowej

synovitis

zapalenie kaletki

bursitis

zapalenie kosci

osteitis

zapalenie kosci i chrzastki

osteochondrosis

zapalenie kosci i stawów

osteoarthritis

zapalenie kregosłupa

spondylitis

zapalenie okostnej

periosititis

zapalenie dnoweeee haha

gouty arthritis

zapalenie szpiku

osteomyelitis

złamanie podokostnowe

greenstick fracture

złamanie skosne

oblique fracture

złamanie wieloodłamkowe

comminuted fracture

zamkniete złamanie

closed fracture

złamanie ze zgniecenia/kompresyjne

compression fracture

zapalenie kaletki

bursitis

run down/worn out

feel general malaise and fatigue

tussis

cough

blood-streaked

rusty

zardzewiały

rusty

dry

nonproductive

throat sweet

lozenge

rapid

rapid

kula

sphere

płytkie dziwne

shallow oddech

tubes

airways