27. The Search of Eternal Youth 1, 2, 3

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rejuvenate
they searched for a miracle that would rejuvenate them.
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to make someone look or feel young and strong again
the ravages of
one sip of this magical restorative water would roll away the ravages of time,
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the damage caused by something
loosen up
it loosens up the body and sparks the mind.
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if your muscles _____, or if something ______-s them ___, they stop feeling stiff
base metal
the elixir could also turn base metals into purest gold.
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a metal that is not very valuable, such as iron or lead
abounds
romantic stories about the location of this marvellous fountain abounded.
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if a place, situation etc _______with things of a particular type, it contains a very large number of them
philanderer
the favours of her philandering husband.
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a man who has sex with many women, without intending to have any serious relationships
decry
Christians officially decried such myths,
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to state publicly that you do not approve of something [condemn]
decrepit
if a decrepit old man drinks of it he will be 30 years of age again,
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old and in bad condition
credulous
fancy containers of water from ‘the fountain’ fetched high prices from the credulous, before disillusionment,
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always believing what you are told, and therefore easily deceived [gullible]
ingenuity
Over the centuries doctors had exercised their ingenuity,
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skill at inventing things and thinking of new ideas
vague
Sometimes their experiments had a vaguely scientific notion to support them, sometimes not.
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unclear because someone does not give enough detailed information or does not say exactly what they mean Pol. niewyraźny, mglisty
notion
Sometimes their experiments had a vaguely scientific notion to support them, sometimes not.
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an idea, belief, or opinion
liaison
Many ancient legends tell of not-so-innocent liaisons with virgins that restored old men’s vigour.
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a secret sexual relationship between a man and a woman, especially a man and a woman who are married but not to each other
deplete
The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.
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to reduce the amount of something that is present or available
depletion
Hippocrates believed old age was caused by a depletion of the body’s store of heat
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Pol. uszczuplenie, zmniejszenie, spadek
susceptible
a build-up of moisture that increased susceptibility to diseases that caused death.
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likely to suffer from a particular illness or be affected by a particular problem Pol. wrażliwy, łatwo ulegający, podatny (to sth)
marrow
He recommended ‘to old men wishing to regain their vigour, the consumption of marrow from the femurs
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the soft fatty substance in the hollow centre of bones Pol. szpik kostny
femur
He recommended the consumption of marrow from the femurs
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the thigh bone Pol. kość udowa
gruesome
this gruesome idea was practised.
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very unpleasant or shocking, and involving someone being killed or badly injured Pol. makabryczny, straszliwy, przerażający
supersede
So natural and man-made springs would then be superseded by a magical fountain,
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if a new idea, product, or method ... s another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective [replace]
entail
old men sipped ‘a spoonful of powdered fox’s testicle in a drink which will give you an erection entailing no risks.’
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to involve something as a necessary part or result Pol. wiązać się (z czymś) pociągać za sobą (coś)
treatise
He sent the Pope a lengthy treatise
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a serious book or article about a particular subject Pol. traktat
dissolved lime
Various concoctions of grape, ‘human’ blood, dissolved lime,
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Pol. chem. rozpuszczone wapno
borage
a herbal soup of borage,
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Pol. bot. ogórecznik
bugloss
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bot. ozór wołowy, żmijowiec
chicory
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Pol. cykoria
couch-grass
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Pol. bot. perz
dandelion
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Pol. bot. mniszek lekarski, mlecz
agrimony
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bot. rzepik, parzydło
saffron
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bot. szafran
aloe
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aloes
amber
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bursztyn
wax
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wosk
concoction
"Various concoctions of grape, ‘human’ blood, dissolved lime, or a herbal soup of borage..."
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something put together from several different things:
stave off
the idea of staving off old age remained an illusion.
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to keep sb or sth from reaching you or affecting you for a period of time
dissect
Leonardo da Vinci the brilliant artist, scientist and dissectionist,
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to cut up the body of a dead animal or person in order to study it
capillaries
He concluded that healthy old people finally died because their capillaries closed
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med. naczynia włoskowate, kapilaria
virtue
every gentleman should know ‘the virtues of plants and herbs’ to aid health.
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zaleta, cnota
futile
the futile search for magical cures declined,
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actions that are ____ are useless because they have no chance of being successful [pointless]
inhale
he suggested inhaling deeply, eating a balanced diet, drinking moderate amounts of good wine
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to breathe in air, smoke, or gas [≠ exhale]
pathology
described how disease and age affected individual organs, without making a distinction between normal and pathological changes in old age.
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the study of the causes and effects of illnesses
jubilation
However, the doctor’s jubilation, like his potency, was short-lived.
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happiness and pleasure because you have been successful
graft
He tried grafting monkey’s testicles on the human body.
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o remove a piece of skin, bone etc from part of someone's body and put it onto or into a part of their body that has been damaged Pol. przeszczepić
scrutiny
the action of hormones is under scrutiny,
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careful and thorough examination of someone or something

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