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a decline in economic activity
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an increase in economic activity
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beliefs about what will happen in the future
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purchasing and using goods and services
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the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
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is a statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a defined period, such as a quarter or a year.
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the willingness and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services
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the willingness and ability of businesses to offer goods and services for sale
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to keep money so that you can use it in the future
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a state of balance, for example when supply is the same as demand
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an amount of money that is smaller than is needed
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an excess: a quantity that is larger than is needed
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government actions concerning taxation and public expenditure działania rządu dotyczące podatków i wydatków publicznych
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government or central bank actions concerning the rate of growth of the money in circulation działania rządu lub banku centralnego dotyczące tempa wzrostu pieniądza w obiegu
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the total amount of money available in an economy at a particular time
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the economic theory that government monetary and fiscal policy should stimulate business activity and increase employment in a recession
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a period during which a country's economy goes from growth to recession (= a time when business conditions are bad) and back to growth
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